What Do We Know About Prevention of Frailty in Women?

Abstract

Frailty is a multidimensional syndrome associated with a state of vulnerability to external stressors. Though women have a longer life expectancy than men, they have a higher risk of frailty. Frailty is prevalent in women, affecting ∼9-15% of community-dwelling older women, and over 50% of nursing home residents. Women have unique risk factors for frailty at distinct life stages such as pregnancy and menopause. Women who have children at a young age and those who experience premature menopause have a higher risk of developing frailty later in life. Frailty is modifiable, and preventive strategies can be implemented using the framework of the six pillars of lifestyle medicine. Moreover, frailty is also a therapeutic target, with the best approach to prevention occurring earlier in life. Implementation of the six-pillar approach to frailty prevention is best achieved by considering specific benefits and barriers to each pillar for women. For example, implementing strength training alongside diet optimization while bolstering social connections. The six pillars are closely interrelated. As such, a holistic approach targeting all six has the greatest potential for success. Future studies are needed to guide therapeutic interventions specific to preventing frailty in women.