Maternal, fetal, and neonatal serious adverse events associated with low-dose aspirin during the first trimester of pregnancy: A secondary analysis of the Aspirin Supplmentation for Pregnancy Indicated Risk Reduction In Nulliparas (ASPIRIN) trial

Abstract

Background

Low-dose aspirin (LDA) has been shown to reduce the risk of preterm preeclampsia, particularly when initiated early in pregnancy. However, the safety of starting LDA before 11 0/7 weeks of gestation remains unclear.

Objective

To assess whether initiating LDA before 11 0/7 weeks of gestation is associated with increased maternal, fetal, or neonatal serious adverse events compared to later initiation.

Study Design

This secondary analysis of the ASPIRIN (Aspirin Supplmentation for Pregnancy Indicated Risk Reduction In Nulliparas) trial included 11,879 nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies randomized to receive LDA (81 mg/d) or placebo between 6 0/7–13 6/7 weeks of gestation. Severe adverse events (ie, maternal death, antepartum hemorrhage, postpartum hemorrhage, anemia, preeclampsia or eclampsia, preterm labor, hypertension admission, fever or infection, fetal loss, neonatal death up to 28 days, miscarriage, abortion, or medical termination of pregnancy, and congenital anomalies) were analyzed based on gestational age at LDA initiation (<11 0/7 vs ≥11 0/7 weeks). Furthermore, congenital anomalies were assessed for therapy initiated during the embryonic (ie, <9 0/7 weeks) or fetal period. Interaction tests were performed via logistic regression models on the ASPIRIN trial safety population (ie, participants who received at least one dose of LDA or placebo) and on the subset of participants who had an adherence to the exposure of ≥90%.

Results

Among the 11,879 eligible participants for this secondary analysis, 62% (n=7324) initiated the allocated exposure before 11 0/7 weeks vs 38% (n=4555) that initiated LDA or placebo at a later gestational age. Furthermore, in this population, 84.4% (n=10,030) had an adherence to the intervention of 90% or more. Moreover, the proportion of adherence of ≥90% to LDA or placebo was similar between strata (84.6% [n=6195] for <11 0/7 vs 84.2% [n=3835] ≥11 0/7 weeks, P=.570). No significant differences were observed in the maternal, fetal, or neonatal adverse events described above based on the timing of LDA initiation (P>.05 for all interactions). Likewise, congenital anomalies did not significantly differ between embryonic and fetal exposure periods (interaction P-value = .095). Results remained consistent in participants who had an adherence to the exposure of ≥90%.

Conclusions

LDA (81 mg/d) initiated before 11 0/7 weeks of gestation may not increase the risk of maternal, fetal, or neonatal serious adverse events or congenital anomalies. These findings provide reassuring evidence of the safety of LDA exposure during early pregnancy.