The dual faces of polygyny and ageing in Ghana: cultural status vs. social strain.

Abstract

This study examines the multifaceted impact of polygyny on ageing among Ghanaian men in the Manso Nkwanta District of the Ashanti Region. Grounded in a life course perspective, it employs a descriptive phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of 33 men aged 60 and above, all of whom have been in polygynous marriages for at least 10 years. Drawing on in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted in both English and Twi, the study addresses three core questions: how polygyny intersects with ageing; the perceived benefits and challenges of polygynous unions; and the relationship between polygyny and socially unacceptable behaviours. The findings suggest that, while polygyny may offer benefits, such as increased social prestige, economic productivity, and emotional support, it also amplifies vulnerabilities in later life, including deteriorating health, financial insecurity, and household tensions. The study concludes that polygyny operates as a dynamic social institution that both supports and complicates the ageing process, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive policy measures and community-based support systems.