{"title":"Role of Exosomal miRNAs and Epigenetic Modifications in Diabetic Nephropathy: Insights into Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Srinivas Nagaram, Aniruddha Sen, Vijay Singh, Mohan Raj Ps, Shailendra Dwivedi, Akash Bansal","doi":"10.2174/0115665232376803250815065514","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure, highlighting the need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This review examines the emerging roles of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) and epigenetic modifications in disease, with a focus on their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive analysis of the current literature was conducted, focusing on exosomal miRNAs-particularly miR-21, miR-192, and miR-29-and their impact on inflammatory pathways, such as IL-6 and NF-κB. The role of epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs, in DN progression is also discussed. Techniques for miRNA detection and exosome isolation are briefly reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exosomal miRNAs contribute to DN pathophysiology by promoting oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Their stability and noninvasive detectability make them promising early biomarkers. Epigenetic modifications further modulate gene expression relevant to disease progression.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These molecular changes offer novel targets for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in DN. The interplay between miRNAs and epigenetic regulation may provide insights into disease heterogeneity and progression. However, limitations exist regarding the standardization of detection techniques and clinical translation, necessitating further research.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exosomal miRNAs and epigenetic markers present valuable tools for advancing the diagnosis and personalized treatment of DN. Enhancing detection techniques and understanding their molecular roles could pave the way for more effective clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10798,"journal":{"name":"Current gene therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current gene therapy","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115665232376803250815065514","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"GENETICS & HEREDITY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure, highlighting the need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This review examines the emerging roles of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) and epigenetic modifications in disease, with a focus on their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
Methods: A comprehensive analysis of the current literature was conducted, focusing on exosomal miRNAs-particularly miR-21, miR-192, and miR-29-and their impact on inflammatory pathways, such as IL-6 and NF-κB. The role of epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs, in DN progression is also discussed. Techniques for miRNA detection and exosome isolation are briefly reviewed.
Results: Exosomal miRNAs contribute to DN pathophysiology by promoting oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Their stability and noninvasive detectability make them promising early biomarkers. Epigenetic modifications further modulate gene expression relevant to disease progression.
Discussion: These molecular changes offer novel targets for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in DN. The interplay between miRNAs and epigenetic regulation may provide insights into disease heterogeneity and progression. However, limitations exist regarding the standardization of detection techniques and clinical translation, necessitating further research.
Conclusion: Exosomal miRNAs and epigenetic markers present valuable tools for advancing the diagnosis and personalized treatment of DN. Enhancing detection techniques and understanding their molecular roles could pave the way for more effective clinical applications.
期刊介绍：
Current Gene Therapy is a bi-monthly peer-reviewed journal aimed at academic and industrial scientists with an interest in major topics concerning basic research and clinical applications of gene and cell therapy of diseases. Cell therapy manuscripts can also include application in diseases when cells have been genetically modified. Current Gene Therapy publishes full-length/mini reviews and original research on the latest developments in gene transfer and gene expression analysis, vector development, cellular genetic engineering, animal models and human clinical applications of gene and cell therapy for the treatment of diseases.
Current Gene Therapy publishes reviews and original research containing experimental data on gene and cell therapy. The journal also includes manuscripts on technological advances, ethical and regulatory considerations of gene and cell therapy. Reviews should provide the reader with a comprehensive assessment of any area of experimental biology applied to molecular medicine that is not only of significance within a particular field of gene therapy and cell therapy but also of interest to investigators in other fields. Authors are encouraged to provide their own assessment and vision for future advances. Reviews are also welcome on late breaking discoveries on which substantial literature has not yet been amassed. Such reviews provide a forum for sharply focused topics of recent experimental investigations in gene therapy primarily to make these results accessible to both clinical and basic researchers. Manuscripts containing experimental data should be original data, not previously published.
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