Hematological Profiles of Adults Coinfected With HIV and Malaria Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy at Bonga Gebretsadik Shawo General Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

Background: Malaria and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are widely recognized infectious diseases that pose serious public health challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa and around the globe. A key factor contributing to the rise in human deaths related to malaria and HIV/AIDS is how these diseases can change the hematological parameters in people who are infected with both. Despite the significant effect of malaria and HIV/AIDS on hematological parameters, there are limited data regarding hematological profiles among malaria-HIV coinfected cases. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the hematological profiles of HIV-malaria-coinfected adults receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy at Bonga Gebretsadik Shawo General Hospital. Methods: A hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 196 HIV-infected patients (98 HIV-infected and 98 HIV-malaria coinfected) at Bonga General Hospital from 13 June to 3 November 2022. Five milliliters of venous blood samples were collected to detect parasites, estimate parasite density, measure viral load, and perform a complete blood count. Sociodemographic data were collected using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and Spearman correlation tests were performed. A p value of < 0.05 was set as the cutoff for significance. Results: The study included 196 adults living with HIV. Statistical differences were observed in the mean ± SD values of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit (p < 0.05) between HIV-infected and HIV-malaria coinfected study participants. In a total of study participants, significant negative correlations were found between viral load and total white blood cell count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume, and platelet count. Anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia were present in 88 (44.9%), 77 (39.3%), and 50 (25.5%) of the 196 participants, respectively. In the HIV-malaria-coinfected group, there was a negative correlation between parasite density and red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets. The prevalence of anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia among malaria and HIV-coinfected study participants was 60 (61.2%), 43 (43.88%), and 30 (30.6%), respectively. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed in the prevalence of anemia between the two groups. Conclusion and Recommendations: The prevalence of anemia was significantly higher in HIV-malaria-coinfected participants than HIV monoinfected paricipants. Mean values of hematological profiles were significantly different in the two groups. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to support future results.