Side Chain Driven Mass Spectral Fragmentation of Lys Containing Peptides: Cα-CO Bond Cleavage in Xxx-Lys-Xxx Sequences

Abstract

Mass spectral fragmentation of the tripeptide amide Ala-Lys-Ala-amide (AKA*) yields a product ion at m/z 228.1, which corresponds to a neutral loss of 43 Da from the b₃ ion (m/z 271.1). Similar losses of 43 Da are observed from b_n ions in the hexapeptide AKAAKA* and tetrapeptide AKAA*. The role of the Lys2 residue, in mediating the neutral loss, is supported by the absence of the corresponding product ion in the MS² spectrum of AVA* and attenuation of the intensity in analogs containing ornithine/diaminobutyric acid residues at position 2. The role of the N-terminus amino group is suggested by the absence of this neutral loss when the residue Ala1 amino group is acetylated or dimethylated. In XKA* sequences, where X = Gly, Ala, Leu, Aib and Pro, the observed neutral losses from b₃ are 29, 43, 85, 57, and 69 Da, respectively, indicative of C^α-CO bond cleavage releasing the R-CH = NH fragment. Isotope labeling and comparison with mass spectral fragments generated from synthetic N^α-formyl Lys-Ala-amide (fKA*) establish the identity of the ion at m/z 228 in the MS² spectrum of AKA* as the b ion [fKA]. A charge remote fragmentation pathway, involving proton abstraction from the terminal amino group, by the Lys2 ε amino group, followed by C^α-CO bond cleavage, is proposed as a plausible mechanism for the observed noncanonical cleavage process.