Dual Disruption of Embryonic Angiogenesis by Hyperglycemia: Structural and Hemodynamic Alterations Revealed via OCT Angiography and Biospeckle Imaging in the Chick CAM Model

IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 HEMATOLOGY
Abhishek Banerjee, Avinash Kumar, Raju Poddar
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Abstract

Objective

This study investigates the effects of hyperglycemia on vascular morphology and hemodynamics during embryogenesis using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model.

Methods

We employed a dual-modality, label-free imaging approach, Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) and biospeckle imaging, to evaluate microvascular architecture and real-time flow dynamics in chick embryos subjected to hyperglycemic conditions. Quantitative metrics such as vessel area, branching junctions, lacunarity, and biospeckle contrast were analyzed to assess angiogenic and metabolic responses.

Results

Hyperglycemia caused significant vascular attrition, including a 31% reduction in vessel area, 55% fewer vascular junctions, and a 58% increase in lacunarity, indicating fragmented and simplified networks. Biospeckle imaging revealed reduced blood flow velocities and elevated non-vascular speckle contrast, suggestive of metabolic stress and endothelial apoptosis. These vascular impairments extended to the retina, where hyperglycemic embryos exhibited thinner retinas, smaller lenses, and sparser retinal vasculature.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that embryonic hyperglycemia leads to widespread vascular simplification and hemodynamic dysfunction, driven by oxidative stress and disrupted VEGF signaling. Unlike adult diabetic vasculopathy, the embryonic response involves global, not focal, vascular defects. This work establishes a novel multimodal imaging framework for studying developmental angiogenesis and lays the groundwork for future investigations into therapeutic strategies targeting diabetic embryopathy.

高血糖对胚胎血管生成的双重破坏:小鸡CAM模型的OCT血管造影和生物散斑成像显示的结构和血流动力学改变
目的利用鸡绒毛膜-尿囊膜(CAM)模型研究高血糖对胚胎发生过程中血管形态和血流动力学的影响。方法采用光学相干断层血管成像(OCTA)和生物散斑成像(biospeckle imaging)两种双模态、无标记成像方法,对高血糖状态下鸡胚胎的微血管结构和实时血流动力学进行评估。定量指标,如血管面积,分支连接,空隙和生物斑点对比分析,以评估血管生成和代谢反应。结果高血糖引起明显的血管磨损,包括血管面积减少31%,血管连接减少55%,空隙度增加58%,表明网络碎片化和简化。生物散斑成像显示血流速度降低,非血管散斑对比度升高,提示代谢应激和内皮细胞凋亡。这些血管损伤延伸到视网膜,高血糖胚胎表现出更薄的视网膜、更小的晶状体和更稀疏的视网膜血管。结论胚胎期高血糖可导致广泛的血管简化和血流动力学功能障碍,这是由氧化应激和VEGF信号中断驱动的。与成人糖尿病血管病变不同,胚胎反应涉及全局而非局灶性血管缺陷。这项工作为研究发育性血管生成建立了一个新的多模态成像框架,并为未来针对糖尿病胚胎病的治疗策略的研究奠定了基础。
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来源期刊
Microcirculation
Microcirculation 医学-外周血管病
CiteScore
5.00
自引率
4.20%
发文量
43
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal features original contributions that are the result of investigations contributing significant new information relating to the vascular and lymphatic microcirculation addressed at the intact animal, organ, cellular, or molecular level. Papers describe applications of the methods of physiology, biophysics, bioengineering, genetics, cell biology, biochemistry, and molecular biology to problems in microcirculation. Microcirculation also publishes state-of-the-art reviews that address frontier areas or new advances in technology in the fields of microcirculatory disease and function. Specific areas of interest include: Angiogenesis, growth and remodeling; Transport and exchange of gasses and solutes; Rheology and biorheology; Endothelial cell biology and metabolism; Interactions between endothelium, smooth muscle, parenchymal cells, leukocytes and platelets; Regulation of vasomotor tone; and Microvascular structures, imaging and morphometry. Papers also describe innovations in experimental techniques and instrumentation for studying all aspects of microcirculatory structure and function.
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