Effect of yoga on selected performance metrics and mental health of track and field athletes: A systematic review

Abstract

Background

Success in track and field requires both physical and emotional resilience. While traditional training emphasizes physical development, yoga is gaining attention for enhancing both physical and mental performance. By combining postures, breathing, and mindfulness, yoga supports flexibility, balance, mental clarity, and overall well-being.

Objective

This review evaluates the effects of yoga on performance in track and field athletes, focusing on strength, balance, flexibility, stress, anxiety, and overall athletic quality of life.

Method

Following PRISMA guidelines and registration with the Open Science Framework, a systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies from the past ten years were included if they assessed yoga-based interventions in track and field athletes. Quality was assessed with the Downs & Black Scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, indicating fair methodological quality.

Results

Yoga led to moderate strength gains and significant improvements in flexibility and balance. It also supported mental health through mindfulness and reduced anxiety. Some studies reported improved quality of life and reduced burnout, though others found little impact on stress or performance. Interventions ranged from 2 to 4 sessions weekly over 8–15 weeks. Variation in design and duration affected outcomes, underscoring the need for standardized protocols.

Conclusion

Yoga offers a holistic approach to athlete health and performance, enhancing physical abilities and emotional resilience. While it shows promise, more research is needed to confirm long-term benefits and refine intervention methods.