Monthly monitoring of suspended sediment variability using bottle samplers in the LUSI outfall area of the Porong River

IF 1.9 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

MethodsX Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI:10.1016/j.mex.2025.103592

Rossana Margaret Kadar Yanti , Ria Asih Aryani Soemitro , Mahendra Andiek Maulana , Trihanyndio Rendy Satrya , Dwa Desa Warnana , Moh Muntaha

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Abstract

Monitoring suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is important for understanding sediment dynamics in extreme tropical rivers influenced by both natural and human activities. The Porong River in East Java constantly receives sediment input from LUSI (short for Lumpur Sidoarjo), a hot mud volcano formed after a drilling incident at Banjar Panji-1 in May 2006. The eruption inundated over 6.3 km² of settlements, farmland, and infrastructure, displacing about 30,000 people and causing persistently high sediment loads with extremely turbid flows. This study developed a field-based SSC sampling method by modifying the USDH-48 bottle, replacing standard rods with flexible ropes for manual operation of orientation and depth in deep, high-energy flows. The method uses a systematic spatial-vertical sampling strategy across several cross-sections to capture sediment variability. In contrast to ASTM D3977–97, which is designed mainly for shallow, steady-flow rivers, this method accommodates greater depths and unsteady-flow rivers through flexible deployment and structured sampling coverage. Over one year, monthly monitoring produced 864 samples. Validation against a messenger-system vertical sampler at the same location and depth showed strong statistical agreement (R² > 0.80; RMSE < 20 %).

Adaptive field methods based on the modification of USDH-48 for extreme tropical rivers.

Structured design capturing spatial and vertical sediment variability.

Statistically validated against an established vertical water sampling system.

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使用瓶样器每月监测柏龙江芦溪出水口悬浮沉积物的变化

监测悬沙浓度（SSC）对于了解受自然和人类活动影响的热带极端河流的泥沙动态具有重要意义。东爪哇的柏龙河不断地从LUSI（吉隆坡Sidoarjo的简称）接收沉积物，LUSI是2006年5月Banjar Panji-1钻井事件后形成的一个热泥火山。火山喷发淹没了超过6.3平方公里的定居点、农田和基础设施，使大约3万人流离失所，并造成了持续的高沉积物负荷和极其混浊的水流。该研究开发了一种基于现场的SSC采样方法，通过修改USDH-48瓶，用柔性绳索代替标准杆，在深层高能量流中进行定向和深度手动操作。该方法采用系统的空间垂直采样策略，跨越多个横截面来捕捉沉积物的变化。与ASTM D3977-97主要针对浅层、稳定流量的河流设计相比，该方法通过灵活的部署和结构化的采样覆盖范围，可以适应更大的深度和非稳定流量的河流。在一年多的时间里，每月监测产生864个样本。对同一位置和深度的信使系统垂直采样器的验证显示出很强的统计一致性（R²> 0.80; RMSE < 20%）。基于USDH-48修正的热带极端河流自适应野外方法。结构设计捕捉空间和垂直泥沙变化。根据已建立的垂直水采样系统进行统计验证。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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