Vineyard “Naturalness”: Principles and Challenges

IF 2.2 3区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Stefano Poni, Tommaso Frioni, Matteo Gatti
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The notion of “natural wines” has gained traction, yet the concept of vineyard naturalness remains largely neglected, often conflated with “organic” or “regenerative” viticulture. Vineyard naturalness, however, is rooted in a holistic approach that transcends these terms. In our effort to define its objectives, we focused on the methods and practices that enable its realization. This review explores several “natural-based” solutions aimed at the canopy and soil, guided by three core principles: (i) maximizing the use of freely available natural resources to reduce reliance on external and costly inputs; (ii) promoting approaches that support natural vine growth and productivity with minimal corrective interventions (repeated summer pruning serves as a prime example); and (iii) fostering practices that trigger natural tolerance responses to biotic or abiotic stresses. At the canopy level, the topics covered in this review include (i) strategies and tools to enhance light interception, distribution, and the conversion of assimilates into dry matter; (ii) leveraging existing biodiversity, including indigenous varieties and new rootstocks, to enhance adaptability to climate change challenges; and (iii) efforts to improve vineyard balance through the targeted application of established techniques, such as early basal leaf removal and late winter pruning, which can significantly enhance tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. On the soil front, our focus will be on (i) enhancing the green water footprint within a vineyard ecosystem; (ii) identifying the optimal combination to achieve a carbon sink function in the vineyard without excessive competition for water and nutrients from cover crops; and (iii) increasing the ecological value of cover cropping, exemplified by reducing the splash dispersal of fungal pathogens through the growth of a tall interrow cover crop in spring and its subsequent termination under a sub-row mulching solution. Moving toward vineyard naturalness does not imply reverting to the wild behavior of nondomesticated plants; rather, it involves maintaining a necessary remunerative yield at the desired grape quality while employing a range of physiologically robust solutions that minimize the need for constant corrections and amendments in vineyard management.

Abstract Image

葡萄园“自然”:原则与挑战
“天然葡萄酒”的概念越来越受欢迎,然而葡萄园自然的概念在很大程度上仍然被忽视,经常与“有机”或“再生”葡萄栽培混为一谈。然而,葡萄园的自然性根植于一种超越这些术语的整体方法。在我们努力定义其目标的过程中,我们将重点放在能够实现其目标的方法和实践上。本文在三个核心原则的指导下,探讨了几种针对冠层和土壤的“基于自然”的解决方案:(i)最大限度地利用可免费获得的自然资源,减少对外部和昂贵投入的依赖;(ii)推广以最少的纠正措施支持葡萄树自然生长和生产力的方法(夏季反复修剪是一个最好的例子);(三)培养能够触发对生物或非生物压力的自然耐受性反应的做法。在冠层水平上,本综述的主题包括:(i)加强光拦截、分配和同化物向干物质转化的策略和工具;(二)利用现有生物多样性,包括本土品种和新砧木,增强对气候变化挑战的适应能力;(iii)通过有针对性地应用成熟的技术来改善葡萄园的平衡,如早期基叶去除和冬末修剪,这些技术可以显著提高对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性。在土壤方面,我们的重点将放在(1)提高葡萄园生态系统中的绿色水足迹;(ii)确定最佳组合,以实现葡萄园的碳汇功能,而不过度竞争覆盖作物的水和养分;(iii)增加覆盖作物的生态价值,例如,通过春季生长高大的间作覆盖作物以及随后在分行覆盖溶液下终止,减少真菌病原体的飞溅传播。走向葡萄园的自然并不意味着回归到非驯化植物的野生行为;相反,它涉及在所需的葡萄质量上保持必要的有报酬的产量,同时采用一系列生理上强大的解决方案,最大限度地减少葡萄园管理中不断修正和修正的需要。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
7.10%
发文量
35
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research provides a forum for the exchange of information about new and significant research in viticulture, oenology and related fields, and aims to promote these disciplines throughout the world. The Journal publishes results from original research in all areas of viticulture and oenology. This includes issues relating to wine, table and drying grape production; grapevine and rootstock biology, genetics, diseases and improvement; viticultural practices; juice and wine production technologies; vine and wine microbiology; quality effects of processing, packaging and inputs; wine chemistry; sensory science and consumer preferences; and environmental impacts of grape and wine production. Research related to other fermented or distilled beverages may also be considered. In addition to full-length research papers and review articles, short research or technical papers presenting new and highly topical information derived from a complete study (i.e. not preliminary data) may also be published. Special features and supplementary issues comprising the proceedings of workshops and conferences will appear periodically.
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