Ablación de nódulos tiroideos: revisión de la literatura

Abstract

The ablation of benign thyroid nodules using minimally invasive techniques has emerged as an effective and safe alternative to conventional surgery. Minimally invasive ablative procedures such as radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, laser ablation, and percutaneous ethanol injection allow significant nodule volume reduction (≥ al 50%), improvement of local symptoms and preservation of thyroid function. This article reviews the main guidelines and expert consensuses, including the American Thyroid Association (ATA 2015) Guidelines, the European Thyroid Association Guidelines (ETA 2020), the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology Consensus (KSThR 2012 and its updates up to 2025), the Chinese Expert Consensus (English version 2020), the Brazilian Consensus (2024) and European and North American articles. In this review the main techniques, indications, clinical outcomes, safety, associated complications and future perspectives are highlighted.