{"title":"The evolving nosology of myeloid neoplasms: the semi-centennial of the 1976 French-American-British classification","authors":"Shyam A. Patel, John M. Bennett","doi":"10.1038/s41375-025-02746-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The year 2026 marks the semi-centennial of the first iteration of the classification schema for myeloid neoplasms, namely the 1976 French-American-British (FAB) classification created by John M. Bennett and colleagues. The FAB classification of acute leukemia formed the biological framework of our current understanding of myeloid neoplasia. Reflecting from this historical lens, we have seen remarkable advances in diagnostics, prognostication, and therapeutics over the decades. Concerted efforts from various consensus groups have paved the way for these advances. Herein, we perform a historical analysis of the evolution of the nosology of myeloid neoplasms over the past 50 years, beginning with the landmark 1976 FAB classification. We discuss how the new nosology of myeloid neoplasms has been inspired by the widespread availability of next-generation sequencing technology as a critical adjunct to classical morphological assessment. We discuss evidence in support of a conceptual framework for categorizing myeloid neoplasms based on ontogeny, beginning from clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). We review the foundational definitions of CHIP, including parallels with Darwinism at the cellular level, and the relevance of incorporation of precursor conditions into the most recent disease classification of myeloid neoplasms. We shed light onto patient-focused practical implications of classification schema, with emphasis on mutation-adapted therapeutic strategies. Finally, we discuss how emerging techniques such as single-cell sequencing and multi-omics may integrate into future revisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18109,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Leukemia","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-025-02746-9","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"HEMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The year 2026 marks the semi-centennial of the first iteration of the classification schema for myeloid neoplasms, namely the 1976 French-American-British (FAB) classification created by John M. Bennett and colleagues. The FAB classification of acute leukemia formed the biological framework of our current understanding of myeloid neoplasia. Reflecting from this historical lens, we have seen remarkable advances in diagnostics, prognostication, and therapeutics over the decades. Concerted efforts from various consensus groups have paved the way for these advances. Herein, we perform a historical analysis of the evolution of the nosology of myeloid neoplasms over the past 50 years, beginning with the landmark 1976 FAB classification. We discuss how the new nosology of myeloid neoplasms has been inspired by the widespread availability of next-generation sequencing technology as a critical adjunct to classical morphological assessment. We discuss evidence in support of a conceptual framework for categorizing myeloid neoplasms based on ontogeny, beginning from clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). We review the foundational definitions of CHIP, including parallels with Darwinism at the cellular level, and the relevance of incorporation of precursor conditions into the most recent disease classification of myeloid neoplasms. We shed light onto patient-focused practical implications of classification schema, with emphasis on mutation-adapted therapeutic strategies. Finally, we discuss how emerging techniques such as single-cell sequencing and multi-omics may integrate into future revisions.
2026年是髓系肿瘤分类模式首次迭代的50周年纪念,即1976年由John M. Bennett及其同事创建的法、美、英(FAB)分类。急性白血病的FAB分类形成了我们目前对髓系肿瘤认识的生物学框架。从这一历史角度来看,我们在过去几十年里看到了诊断、预测和治疗方面的显著进步。各协商一致团体的共同努力为这些进步铺平了道路。在此,我们从1976年具有里程碑意义的FAB分类开始,对过去50年来髓系肿瘤分类学的演变进行了历史分析。我们讨论了髓系肿瘤的新分类学如何受到下一代测序技术作为经典形态学评估的关键辅助手段的广泛应用的启发。我们讨论了支持基于个体发生的髓系肿瘤分类概念框架的证据,从不确定潜力的克隆造血(CHIP)开始。我们回顾了CHIP的基本定义,包括在细胞水平上与达尔文主义的相似之处,以及将前体条件纳入骨髓性肿瘤最新疾病分类的相关性。我们阐明了以患者为中心的分类模式的实际意义,重点是适应突变的治疗策略。最后,我们讨论了如何将单细胞测序和多组学等新兴技术整合到未来的修订中。
期刊介绍:
Title: Leukemia
Journal Overview:
Publishes high-quality, peer-reviewed research
Covers all aspects of research and treatment of leukemia and allied diseases
Includes studies of normal hemopoiesis due to comparative relevance
Topics of Interest:
Oncogenes
Growth factors
Stem cells
Leukemia genomics
Cell cycle
Signal transduction
Molecular targets for therapy
And more
Content Types:
Original research articles
Reviews
Letters
Correspondence
Comments elaborating on significant advances and covering topical issues