Cycling and low back pain: A large cross-sectional study on prevalence and risk factors

Abstract

Introduction

Cycling is a widely practiced sport; however, its high biomechanical demands can lead to musculoskeletal complaints, particularly low back pain (LBP). Factors such as posture, cycling discipline, and individual characteristics may influence this condition.

Objective

To assess the prevalence of LBP among cyclists who sought professional Bike Fit services and examine its association with sociodemographic and sports-related factors, including age, body mass, body mass index (BMI), and cycling discipline.

Methods

This study employed a cross-sectional, observational, and retrospective design, analyzing data from 1521 cyclists (37.6 ± 9.2 years, ranging from 12 to 81 years), attended by 15 professional Bike Fitters. Data were collected through electronic forms and analyzed statistically using Pearson's chi-square test, Cramer's V, Spearman's correlation, Cohen's d, and logistic regression analysis.

Results

LBP was reported by 29.2 % of the cyclists. Significant associations were observed between LBP occurrence and cycling discipline (p ≤ 0.01, Cramer's V = 0.107), age (p ≤ 0.01, Cohen's d = −0.157), and body mass (p = 0.03, Cohen's d = −0.174). These three variables were the only ones retained in the regression model explaining LBP in cyclists.

Conclusion

Younger cyclists, those with higher body mass, and MTB practitioners were more likely to report LBP. Although effect sizes were small, these findings may help identify higher-risk profiles and support clinical decisions in Bike Fit and rehabilitation contexts.