Maternal Exposure to Medications and the Risk of Congenital and Early-Onset Hearing Loss in Children: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis

IF 3.3 4区医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI:10.1111/bcpt.70090

Asli Sena Kücükyildiz, Mette Østergaard Thunbo, Christer Zøylner Swan, David P. Burgner, Jessica E. Miller, Therese Ovesen, Lars Henning Pedersen

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Abstract

Background

Congenital hearing loss (CHL) affects approximately 1–2 in 1000 children and significantly impacts development. Exposure to medications during pregnancy may impact offspring hearing; however, the ototoxic effects of different drugs have not been systematically investigated.

Methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and analysed 21 experimental and observational studies examining 60 drugs across various categories.

Findings

Magnesium sulphate and systemic steroids, alone or in combination, showed potential protective effects towards CHL. Specific antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin and metronidazole) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were associated with an increased risk of CHL. Modest evidence indicated that low-dose acetylsalicylic acid increased risk, whereas higher doses did not. Other drugs, such as anti-neoplastic agents and valproic acid, showed weaker associations with CHL. Most studies had methodological limitations.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the urgent need for robust research to minimise preventable hearing loss in children.

Abstract Image

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母亲接触药物与儿童先天性和早发性听力损失的风险：一项系统综述和荟萃分析

背景先天性听力损失（CHL）影响大约1-2 / 1000的儿童，并显著影响发育。怀孕期间接触药物可能会影响后代的听力；然而，不同药物的耳毒性作用尚未得到系统的研究。方法本系统综述和荟萃分析遵循PRISMA指南，分析了21项实验和观察性研究，涵盖了不同类别的60种药物。结果硫酸镁和全身性类固醇单独或联合使用对CHL有潜在的保护作用。特异性抗生素（如庆大霉素和甲硝唑）和非甾体抗炎药与CHL风险增加有关。适度的证据表明，低剂量乙酰水杨酸会增加风险，而高剂量则不会。其他药物，如抗肿瘤药物和丙戊酸，与CHL的相关性较弱。大多数研究都有方法上的局限性。我们的研究结果强调了迫切需要进行强有力的研究，以尽量减少儿童可预防的听力损失。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 医学-毒理学

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

6.50%

发文量

126

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Basic & Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology is an independent journal, publishing original scientific research in all fields of toxicology, basic and clinical pharmacology. This includes experimental animal pharmacology and toxicology and molecular (-genetic), biochemical and cellular pharmacology and toxicology. It also includes all aspects of clinical pharmacology: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic drug monitoring, drug/drug interactions, pharmacogenetics/-genomics, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacovigilance, pharmacoeconomics, randomized controlled clinical trials and rational pharmacotherapy. For all compounds used in the studies, the chemical constitution and composition should be known, also for natural compounds.