Role,application and challenges of IoT in smart EV charging management:a review

Abstract

The rapid expansion of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has initiated significant advancements in charging infrastructure to support sustainable transportation. This paper reviews the role and integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart EV Charging Management, highlighting how IoT technology enhances operational efficiency, energy management, and user experience. Drawing on real-world implementations such as Tesla’s predictive maintenance systems, Enel X’s JuiceNet for smart charging, and Nissan Leaf’s Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) capabilities, the paper discusses IoT applications in areas including real-time monitoring, energy optimization, predictive maintenance, and user-centric services. These integrations demonstrate measurable benefits such as improved battery health monitoring, reduced charging downtime, and enhanced grid interaction. Furthermore, the synergy between IoT and renewable energy sources, such as solar power, is explored as a pathway to further optimize charging efficiency and minimize environmental impact. Despite the benefits, challenges such as cybersecurity risks, interoperability barriers, and the lack of communication protocol standardization are also identified. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the importance of adaptive algorithms and machine learning models for predictive maintenance and efficient resource allocation. This review serves as a key reference for policymakers, researchers, and industry leaders aiming to develop resilient and intelligent EV charging ecosystems, contributing to a more connected and sustainable electric mobility future.