Active Fixation Atrial Pacemaker Lead Placement With a Modified Guiding Catheter in Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava: A Rare Case Report

Abstract

The active fixation atrial pacemaker lead was successfully placed in the proximal part of the persistent left superior vena cava via a retrograde approach with a J-shaped stylet and the modified guiding catheter, which was cut proximally by approximately 10 cm and held at the edge with forceps.