Controlled quantum communication using quantum walk

Abstract

This work introduces a novel controlled quantum communication protocol utilizing a quantum walk involving one sender, receiver, and multiple controllers. Inspired by classical random walk theory, quantum walk serves as the foundation of our proposed protocol. With this protocol, we demonstrate the ability to transfer any N-dimensional quantum state to any party facilitated by any \(M-1\) number of controllers. Furthermore, any of the M individuals have the freedom to accept the role of the receiver. Rigorous testing of the protocol’s performance is conducted through quantum state tomography. We have rigorously tested our protocol in the “ibmq_qasm_simulator”. Additionally, we analyse the effectiveness of weak measurements in mitigating the adverse effects of amplitude damping noise on quantum states. By analysing fidelity versus amplitude damping noise strength plots for scenarios with and without the weak measurement protocol, we provide valuable insights into its protective capabilities across various levels of noise. These findings illuminate the protocol’s potential applications in quantum communication.