Numerical analysis of MHD radiative bioconvective hybrid nanofluid in a Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer porous medium over a stretching surface

Abstract

This study examines the bioconvective transport of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) silver (Ag)/titanium dioxide (\(\hbox {TiO}_2\)) hybrid nanofluid including oxytactic micro-organisms over a stretching sheet, using heat radiation in a Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer (DBF) porous medium to forecast fluid dynamics. Through the use of a suitable similarity transformation, the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The resultant ODEs are numerically solved by transforming the boundary value problem into a simplified initial value problem using BVP4C and the shooting method, with specified parameters. The Forchheimer number and porosity parameter adversely affect the velocity field. Skin friction is reduced by 84%. 711% for thermal slip parameter \(B_2\) and 97.531% for magnetic parameter M addition of 1% Ag\( +\) \(\hbox {TiO}_2\). The Sherwood number of oxygen concentration is considerably influenced by the nanofluid volume fraction \(\phi _1 (\mathrm Ag/water)\) and the hybrid nanofluid volume fraction \(\phi _2 (\mathrm Ag+TiO_2/water)\). The bioconvection Peclet number significantly influences the Sherwood number of micro-organisms.