Human T Cell Responses to Flavivirus Vaccines

IF 3.7 3区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY
David Wullimann, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
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Abstract

Flaviviruses are major human pathogens that continue to pose a global health threat, and vaccination is an effective strategy to protect against disease from several flaviviruses. Flavivirus vaccines are believed to confer protection primarily through antibody responses; however, the role of T cells in vaccine immunity remains less explored despite demonstrated contribution in the response to natural infection. This review examines T cell responses induced by licensed or developing flavivirus vaccines, their contribution to protection, and key findings highlighting the importance of cellular immunity. We discuss the role of memory T cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, in flavivirus vaccine-induced immunity and compare the immunogenicity of live attenuated versus inactivated vaccines. We also discuss the significance of T cell immunity, cross-reactivity, and vaccine platform design in shaping durable and broad protection. Additionally, we broaden the discussion toward other human RNA viruses, including the influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A better understanding of the role of T cell immunity will be essential for optimizing the use of current flavivirus vaccines and developing next-generation approaches capable of providing long-lasting immunity against emerging and re-emerging flavivirus threats.

Abstract Image

人类T细胞对黄病毒疫苗的反应
黄病毒是继续对全球健康构成威胁的主要人类病原体,接种疫苗是预防几种黄病毒疾病的有效策略。黄病毒疫苗被认为主要通过抗体反应提供保护;然而,T细胞在疫苗免疫中的作用仍然较少探索,尽管在应对自然感染方面表现出贡献。本文综述了已获许可或正在开发的黄病毒疫苗诱导的T细胞反应,它们对保护的贡献,以及强调细胞免疫重要性的关键发现。我们讨论了记忆T细胞(包括CD4+和CD8+亚群)在黄病毒疫苗诱导免疫中的作用,并比较了减毒活疫苗和灭活疫苗的免疫原性。我们还讨论了T细胞免疫、交叉反应性和疫苗平台设计在形成持久和广泛保护方面的意义。此外,我们扩大了对其他人类RNA病毒的讨论,包括流感病毒和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)。更好地了解T细胞免疫的作用对于优化当前黄病毒疫苗的使用和开发能够提供持久免疫以抵御新出现和再出现的黄病毒威胁的下一代方法至关重要。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
3.70%
发文量
224
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Immunology (EJI) is an official journal of EFIS. Established in 1971, EJI continues to serve the needs of the global immunology community covering basic, translational and clinical research, ranging from adaptive and innate immunity through to vaccines and immunotherapy, cancer, autoimmunity, allergy and more. Mechanistic insights and thought-provoking immunological findings are of interest, as are studies using the latest omics technologies. We offer fast track review for competitive situations, including recently scooped papers, format free submission, transparent and fair peer review and more as detailed in our policies.
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