Structural and magnetic properties of vacuum and air annealed CoFe2O4 nanoparticles

IF 2.4 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER

Solid State Communications Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI:10.1016/j.ssc.2025.116107

Balaji Srikanth Ragunath , A. Thileeba , K.R.S. Preethi Meher , Karthik Chinnathambi , Ayyappan Sathya

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Abstract

CoFe₂O₄ (CFO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by co-precipitation technique and annealed up to 1273K under air and vacuum atmospheres. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of pristine, vacuum and air - annealed samples confirms the spinel structure without any secondary phases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of pristine CFO NPs confirms a wider distribution with an average particle size of 26 ± 7 nm. Further, the estimated activation energy for the growth of CFO NPs under vacuum and air atmosphere is 14.5 kJ/mol and 20.4 kJ/mol respectively. A relative decrease in activation energy for the vacuum − annealed samples suggest part of the thermal energy is utilized for cation migration between the interstitial sites of the spinel structure. Further, the cation migration is unambiguously confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. This study further reveals that the improved saturation magnetization upon vacuum annealing (from 47 emu/g to 80 emu/g) compared to air annealing (76 emu/g) is mainly due to the cation migration and the creation of oxygen vacancies.

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真空和空气退火CoFe2O4纳米粒子的结构和磁性能

采用共沉淀法合成了CoFe2O4 （CFO）纳米颗粒（NPs），并在空气和真空气氛下退火至1273K。原始、真空和空气退火样品的x射线衍射（XRD）分析证实了尖晶石结构没有任何二次相。原始CFO NPs的透射电镜（TEM）证实其分布更广，平均粒径为26±7 nm。此外，在真空和空气气氛下，CFO NPs的生长活化能分别为14.5 kJ/mol和20.4 kJ/mol。真空退火样品的活化能相对降低，表明部分热能被用于尖晶石结构间隙位置之间的阳离子迁移。此外，阳离子迁移得到拉曼光谱的明确证实。该研究进一步表明，真空退火的饱和磁化强度（从47 emu/g提高到80 emu/g）比空气退火（76 emu/g）主要是由于阳离子迁移和氧空位的产生。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Solid State Communications 物理-物理：凝聚态物理

CiteScore

3.40

自引率

4.80%

发文量

287

审稿时长

51 days

期刊介绍： Solid State Communications is an international medium for the publication of short communications and original research articles on significant developments in condensed matter science, giving scientists immediate access to important, recently completed work. The journal publishes original experimental and theoretical research on the physical and chemical properties of solids and other condensed systems and also on their preparation. The submission of manuscripts reporting research on the basic physics of materials science and devices, as well as of state-of-the-art microstructures and nanostructures, is encouraged. A coherent quantitative treatment emphasizing new physics is expected rather than a simple accumulation of experimental data. Consistent with these aims, the short communications should be kept concise and short, usually not longer than six printed pages. The number of figures and tables should also be kept to a minimum. Solid State Communications now also welcomes original research articles without length restrictions. The Fast-Track section of Solid State Communications is the venue for very rapid publication of short communications on significant developments in condensed matter science. The goal is to offer the broad condensed matter community quick and immediate access to publish recently completed papers in research areas that are rapidly evolving and in which there are developments with great potential impact.