Design and performance of two stages square cut rectangular multiband microstrip fractal antenna

IF 1.9 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

MethodsX Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI:10.1016/j.mex.2025.103559

Sudhir Kadam , Kamalakar Ravindra Desai , Payal kadam , Aarti Prasad Pawar , Sonali Pawar , Prof. Anuradha Nigade

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Abstract

Modern wireless systems require compact, low-profile, and multiband antennas. The designs offer high performance without structural complications. The classic, traditional single-band antenna mostly does not fit the bandwidth of applications. This study represented the challenges by introducing a two-stage square-cut fractal microstrip antenna design. This antenna integrated the two fractal geometries with one feed line and used periodical edge etching along with internal slotting to increase the electrical length and improve radiation efficiency without enlarging the size of the antenna. Through FEM-based simulation, the antenna dual-band characteristics for S-band (2.4263–3.2018 GHz) and C-band (5.3789–7.2308 GHz), giving a total bandwidth of approximately 3.7 GHz. The gain value remains stable about 6 dB in the S-band and 7.5 dB in the C-band, while return loss stays below –10 dB and VSWR under 2. These results offer a scalable platform for further research in reconfigurable and flexible antenna systems.

•
The antenna is beneficial for 2.4263–3.2018 GHz bandwidth of approximately 1.53 GHz and 5.3789–7.2308 GHz bandwidth of approximately 1.53 GHz respectively with minimal power reflection within bands.
•
Smith chart maintained at less than 51Ω. A few deviations occurred due to manual errors duringfabrication, soldering and testing antenna.

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两级方切矩形多带微带分形天线的设计与性能

现代无线系统需要紧凑、低调和多频段的天线。该设计提供了高性能，没有结构上的复杂性。经典的、传统的单波段天线大多不适合应用的带宽。本研究提出了一种两级方切分形微带天线设计。该天线在不增加天线尺寸的前提下，将两种分形几何形状与一条馈线相结合，采用周期性边缘刻蚀和内部开槽的方法增加了电长度，提高了辐射效率。通过基于有限元的仿真，天线的双频特性为s频段（2.4263-3.2018 GHz）和c频段（5.3789-7.2308 GHz），总带宽约为3.7 GHz。增益值在s波段稳定在6 dB左右，在c波段稳定在7.5 dB左右，回波损耗稳定在-10 dB以下，驻波比稳定在2以下。这些结果为可重构和柔性天线系统的进一步研究提供了一个可扩展的平台。•该天线分别适用于2.4263-3.2018 GHz带宽约1.53 GHz和5.3789-7.2308 GHz带宽约1.53 GHz，且频段内功率反射最小。•史密斯图表维持在51Ω以下。在制造、焊接和测试天线过程中，由于人工错误导致了一些偏差。

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