Thermo-mechanical analysis of a steering mirror with dielectric bulk for the ECRH system of DTT

IF 2 3区工程技术 Q1 NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Fusion Engineering and Design Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.115389

Alfredo Pagliaro , Francesco Braghin , Alessandro Bruschi , Daniele Busi , Eliana De Marchi , Francesco Fanale , Gustavo Granucci , Afra Romano , Fabio Zanon

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Abstract

The steerable launcher mirrors, essential for directing microwave beams into the plasma, play a pivotal role in the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) system of the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility, currently under construction in Frascati, Italy. Due to the substantial heat loads acting on the mirrors, internal water-cooling channels are necessary to control temperature and deformation. A variable-depth complementary spiral cooling channel was considered in this study. A dielectric material with high thermal conductivity was selected as a potential candidate to reduce eddy currents, this mitigating magnetic torques and mechanical stress, while guaranteeing adequate cooling. Thermo-structural simulations (FSI) were conducted to assess the mirror's resistance to induced stresses, its deformations, and cooling performance. A transient analysis showed that thermal steady-state is the worst-case thermal loading condition during the entire experiment. Additionally, the thermo-structural behavior of various materials was analyzed to demonstrate the superior performance of the selected dielectric material. The cooling channel was subsequently adapted to a prototype mirror, on which CFD and FSI simulations were performed to validate the numerical model against future real-world experiments. Finally, crack propagation analysis confirmed the feasibility of using technical ceramics for the launching mirror, paving the way for dielectric materials in the ECRH system of DTT.

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DTT ECRH系统介质体转向镜的热力学分析

可操纵发射镜是引导微波束进入等离子体的关键部件，在目前正在意大利弗拉斯卡蒂建造的托卡马克转向试验（DTT）设施的电子回旋共振加热（ECRH）系统中发挥着关键作用。由于大量的热负荷作用在镜子上，内部水冷却通道是必要的，以控制温度和变形。本研究考虑了一种变深度互补螺旋冷却通道。一种具有高导热性的介电材料被选为潜在的候选材料，以减少涡流，从而减轻磁扭矩和机械应力，同时保证足够的冷却。进行了热结构模拟（FSI）来评估反射镜对诱导应力、变形和冷却性能的抵抗性。瞬态分析表明，热稳态是整个试验过程中最坏的热负荷状态。此外，分析了各种材料的热结构行为，证明了所选择的介电材料的优越性能。冷却通道随后被改造成一个原型反射镜，并在其上进行CFD和FSI模拟，以验证数值模型与未来现实世界的实验。最后，通过裂纹扩展分析，证实了采用工业陶瓷作为发射镜的可行性，为在DTT ECRH系统中使用介电材料铺平了道路。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Fusion Engineering and Design 工程技术-核科学技术

CiteScore

3.50

自引率

23.50%

发文量

275

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： The journal accepts papers about experiments (both plasma and technology), theory, models, methods, and designs in areas relating to technology, engineering, and applied science aspects of magnetic and inertial fusion energy. Specific areas of interest include: MFE and IFE design studies for experiments and reactors; fusion nuclear technologies and materials, including blankets and shields; analysis of reactor plasmas; plasma heating, fuelling, and vacuum systems; drivers, targets, and special technologies for IFE, controls and diagnostics; fuel cycle analysis and tritium reprocessing and handling; operations and remote maintenance of reactors; safety, decommissioning, and waste management; economic and environmental analysis of components and systems.