Microglial involvement in autism spectrum disorder: insights from human data and iPSC models

IF 7.6 2区医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI:10.1016/j.bbi.2025.106071

Susanne Michels, Akash Mali, Henna Jäntti, Mohammad Rezaie, Tarja Malm

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents a range of lifelong challenges in social communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests, affecting over 2% of the preschool population. Early neurodevelopmental disruptions, particularly those affecting microglia, appear to be central to the pathophysiology of ASD, with microglia influencing synaptic development and stability in the brain. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying ASD are still not fully understood. Traditional ASD studies, which rely on animal models and postmortem tissues, have limitations in capturing human-specific neurodevelopmental dynamics. Recent advances in human model systems, including induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural cultures and brain organoids, offer promising insights into microglia-neuron interactions relevant to ASD. This review evaluates current research using human-based models to explore ASD pathophysiology, focusing on the role of microglia in neurodevelopment, and discusses the strengths and future potential of these innovative approaches.

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小胶质细胞参与自闭症谱系障碍：来自人类数据和iPSC模型的见解。

自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）在社会沟通、重复行为和限制兴趣方面表现出一系列终身挑战，影响了超过2%的学龄前儿童。早期神经发育中断，特别是影响小胶质细胞的神经发育中断，似乎是ASD病理生理学的核心，小胶质细胞影响大脑突触的发育和稳定性。然而，ASD背后的神经生物学机制仍未被完全理解。传统的ASD研究依赖于动物模型和死后组织，在捕捉人类特异性神经发育动力学方面存在局限性。人类模型系统的最新进展，包括诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）衍生的神经培养和脑类器官，为与ASD相关的小胶质细胞-神经元相互作用提供了有希望的见解。本文综述了目前使用基于人类的模型来探索ASD病理生理学的研究，重点关注小胶质细胞在神经发育中的作用，并讨论了这些创新方法的优势和未来潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

29.60

自引率

2.00%

发文量

290

审稿时长

28 days

期刊介绍： Established in 1987, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity proudly serves as the official journal of the Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society (PNIRS). This pioneering journal is dedicated to publishing peer-reviewed basic, experimental, and clinical studies that explore the intricate interactions among behavioral, neural, endocrine, and immune systems in both humans and animals. As an international and interdisciplinary platform, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity focuses on original research spanning neuroscience, immunology, integrative physiology, behavioral biology, psychiatry, psychology, and clinical medicine. The journal is inclusive of research conducted at various levels, including molecular, cellular, social, and whole organism perspectives. With a commitment to efficiency, the journal facilitates online submission and review, ensuring timely publication of experimental results. Manuscripts typically undergo peer review and are returned to authors within 30 days of submission. It's worth noting that Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, published eight times a year, does not impose submission fees or page charges, fostering an open and accessible platform for scientific discourse.