Source apportionment and health risks of heavy metals in agricultural soils near mining areas: APCS-MLR and Monte Carlo approaches.

IF 3.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Yangfan Zhao, Yinggang Wang, Hao Wu, Hui Wang, Jingpeng Yue, Ziyang Gao, Jinliang Deng, Xiaojun Li
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Soil contamination is a significant threat to global food security and public health. Accurate apportionment of pollutant sources is a prerequisite for developing science-driven pollution control protocols. This research was undertaken in Huanren Manchu Autonomous County, located in Northeast China. With a resident population of approximately 216,000, the county boasts abundant natural resources including mineral deposits, biodiversity, and water reserves. Data were preprocessed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to enhance interpretability for subsequent modeling. Abbreviated Principal Component Score Multilinear Regression (APCS-MLR) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) were cross-validated to ensure robust source attribution, thereby addressing the limitations of single-method uncertainty. This triangulation approach, combined with probabilistic Monte Carlo Simulation and health risk assessment, enabled a multi-dimensional evaluation of contamination pathways and risks. This aspect has been underexplored in heavy metal (HM) studies of mining-impacted agricultural soils. The average concentrations of eight heavy metals were as follows: Cr (74.0 mg/kg), Ni (32.1 mg/kg), Cu (118.9 mg/kg), Zn (541.7 mg/kg), Cd (2.2 mg/kg), Pb (202.0 mg/kg), Hg (0.3 mg/kg), and As (12.0 mg/kg). Quantitative pollution source analysis revealed three primary contributors to soil HMs: industrial point sources (contributing 46.1%), which is the most significant contributor to pollution; agricultural sources (contributing 22.2%) and natural sources (contributing 31.7%). Industrial sources, as the primary local pollution contributors, will effectively guide relevant government departments in formulating targeted management policies and measures. Probabilistic risk evaluation yielded two crucial findings: (1) Non-carcinogenic hazard indices for adults and children remained below 1, indicating acceptable risks from the presence of HMs in agricultural soils, however, (2) Carcinogenic risks surpassed the 1 × 10⁻4 cancer risk benchmark for 100% of children and 32.3% of adults. Carcinogenic risks to the human population arising from individual HMs showed the following sequence: Cr > Ni > As > Zn > Cd. This research has not only revealed an alarmingly high risk of cancer in the study region due to HMs accumulation in its agricultural soils but also, by identifying the crucial sources, provided a scientific basis for controlling this harmful pollution.

矿区附近农业土壤重金属来源分析及健康风险:APCS-MLR和蒙特卡罗方法。
土壤污染是对全球粮食安全和公众健康的重大威胁。准确分配污染源是制定科学驱动的污染控制协议的先决条件。本研究在中国东北桓仁满族自治县进行。该县常住人口约为21.6万,拥有丰富的自然资源,包括矿藏、生物多样性和水资源储备。使用主成分分析(PCA)对数据进行预处理,以增强后续建模的可解释性。简化主成分评分多元线性回归(APCS-MLR)和正矩阵分解(PMF)交叉验证,以确保鲁棒性来源归因,从而解决单一方法不确定性的局限性。这种三角测量方法与概率蒙特卡罗模拟和健康风险评估相结合,实现了对污染途径和风险的多维评估。在采矿影响的农业土壤重金属研究中,这方面尚未得到充分的探讨。8种重金属的平均浓度分别为:Cr (74.0 mg/kg)、Ni (32.1 mg/kg)、Cu (118.9 mg/kg)、Zn (541.7 mg/kg)、Cd (2.2 mg/kg)、Pb (202.0 mg/kg)、Hg (0.3 mg/kg)、as (12.0 mg/kg)。定量污染源分析显示,土壤HMs的主要来源有三个:工业点源(贡献46.1%),是污染的主要来源;农业资源(占22.2%)和自然资源(占31.7%)。工业污染源作为地方主要污染源,将有效指导政府有关部门制定有针对性的治理政策措施。概率风险评估得出了两个重要的发现:(1)成人和儿童的非致癌危险指数仍然低于1,表明农业土壤中存在HMs的风险是可以接受的,然而(2)100%的儿童和32.3%的成人的致癌风险超过了1 × 10 - 4的致癌风险基准。个体HMs对人类的致癌风险顺序为:Cr > Ni > As > Zn > Cd。本研究不仅揭示了研究区域农业土壤中HMs积累导致的癌症风险高得惊人,而且通过确定关键来源,为控制这一有害污染提供了科学依据。
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来源期刊
Environmental Geochemistry and Health
Environmental Geochemistry and Health 环境科学-工程:环境
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
4.80%
发文量
279
审稿时长
4.2 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Geochemistry and Health publishes original research papers and review papers across the broad field of environmental geochemistry. Environmental geochemistry and health establishes and explains links between the natural or disturbed chemical composition of the earth’s surface and the health of plants, animals and people. Beneficial elements regulate or promote enzymatic and hormonal activity whereas other elements may be toxic. Bedrock geochemistry controls the composition of soil and hence that of water and vegetation. Environmental issues, such as pollution, arising from the extraction and use of mineral resources, are discussed. The effects of contaminants introduced into the earth’s geochemical systems are examined. Geochemical surveys of soil, water and plants show how major and trace elements are distributed geographically. Associated epidemiological studies reveal the possibility of causal links between the natural or disturbed geochemical environment and disease. Experimental research illuminates the nature or consequences of natural or disturbed geochemical processes. The journal particularly welcomes novel research linking environmental geochemistry and health issues on such topics as: heavy metals (including mercury), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and mixed chemicals emitted through human activities, such as uncontrolled recycling of electronic-waste; waste recycling; surface-atmospheric interaction processes (natural and anthropogenic emissions, vertical transport, deposition, and physical-chemical interaction) of gases and aerosols; phytoremediation/restoration of contaminated sites; food contamination and safety; environmental effects of medicines; effects and toxicity of mixed pollutants; speciation of heavy metals/metalloids; effects of mining; disturbed geochemistry from human behavior, natural or man-made hazards; particle and nanoparticle toxicology; risk and the vulnerability of populations, etc.
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