[Climactions project: document review of policies and measures of climate change adaptation and mitigation in urban areas].

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Manuela De Sario, Francesca de'Donato, Paola Michelozzi
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: public health aims to promote a health-centred approach in all policies, even in adaptation and mitigation policies for climate change.

Objectives: to provide a critical summary on legislations, policies and case studies at international, national and local level and to assess the implementation of the "health lens", in support of researchers and workers on environment and health.

Design: document review on legislations, policies and case studies, focusing on mitigation of urban health island and sustainable mobility.

Methods: a policy and legislation review was carried out from institutional websites at European and local level. Sustainable urban mobility plans (SUMP) and energy and climate action plans (SECAP) were retrieved for the cities included in the Climactions project (Genoa, Turin, Bologna, Rome, Bari, Palermo) from local authorities' websites. Best practices of urban heat island mitigation and sustainable mobility were searched from European platforms (Climate adapt, Urban mobility observatory -- ELTIS, EIT Urban Mobility) to obtain a critical picture of adaptation and mitigation options in cities.

Results: the review shows a large number of legislations, plans, and programmes on adaptation and mitigation both at European and Italian level with a gap between planned and actually implemented actions also due to the lack of dedicated economic resources. There is also an inequal level of implementation among Italian regions, with some criticalities, for example, in the citizen participatory process within the strategic environmental assessment of SUMPs, SECAPs, and adaptation plans. At the local level, in the last decade, several best practices of urban heat island mitigation and sustainable mobility were experienced in different sectors including new urban green space infrastructures, albedo enhancement measures, car-pooling apps, incentives to active mobility, temporary streets liberation, and a combination of measures within adaptation plans such as London Climate Action Plan and Barcelona Superblock programme. Only few measures were health centred embedding public health into urban planning (e.g., the London plan based on the 'healthy streets' approach) suggesting health benefits for the population.

Conclusions: the recent increase in regulations and policies at European and national level is not paralleled by real progresses in climate actions, despite the constant growth of annual emissions. Therefore, there is the need to accelerate the fossil fuel emission mitigation while promoting adaptation to be ready to counteract actual and future climate related risks. Health workers such as paediatricians, family doctors, epidemiologists can advocate the transition and support the citizens and youth engagement in climate-related decision making.

[气候项目:对城市地区适应和减缓气候变化的政策和措施的文件审查]。
背景:公共卫生的目标是在所有政策中,甚至在气候变化适应和减缓政策中,促进以健康为中心的做法。目标:提供关于国际、国家和地方各级立法、政策和案例研究的重要摘要,并评估“健康视角”的执行情况,以支持环境与健康方面的研究人员和工作人员。设计:对立法、政策和案例研究进行文件审查,重点是缓解城市健康岛和可持续流动性问题。方法:从欧洲和地方一级的机构网站进行政策和立法审查。可持续城市交通计划(SUMP)和能源与气候行动计划(SECAP)是从地方当局的网站上检索到的气候项目所包括的城市(热那亚、都灵、博洛尼亚、罗马、巴里、巴勒莫)。从欧洲平台(气候适应、城市机动性观察站——ELTIS、EIT城市机动性)搜索城市热岛缓解和可持续机动性的最佳做法,以获得城市适应和缓解备选方案的关键情况。结果:审查显示,欧洲和意大利有大量关于适应和缓解的立法、计划和方案,计划和实际执行的行动之间存在差距,这也是由于缺乏专门的经济资源。意大利各地区之间的执行水平也不平等,例如,在SUMPs、secap和适应计划的战略环境评估中的公民参与过程中存在一些关键问题。在地方一级,在过去十年中,城市热岛缓解和可持续交通的一些最佳做法在不同的部门得到了实践,包括新的城市绿色空间基础设施、反照率增强措施、拼车应用程序、积极交通的激励措施、临时街道解放,以及适应计划中的措施组合,如伦敦气候行动计划和巴塞罗那超级街区方案。只有少数措施以健康为中心,将公共卫生纳入城市规划(例如,基于“健康街道”方法的伦敦计划),表明对人口的健康有益。结论:尽管年排放量持续增长,但最近欧洲和国家层面法规和政策的增加并没有与气候行动的实际进展同步。因此,有必要加快减缓化石燃料排放,同时促进适应,为应对实际和未来的气候相关风险做好准备。儿科医生、家庭医生、流行病学家等卫生工作者可以倡导过渡,并支持公民和青年参与与气候有关的决策。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Epidemiologia & Prevenzione
Epidemiologia & Prevenzione 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
2.60
自引率
14.30%
发文量
0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Epidemiologia & Prevenzione, oggi organo della Associazione italiana di epidemiologia, raccoglie buona parte delle migliori e originali esperienze italiane di ricerca epidemiologica e di studio degli interventi per la prevenzione e la sanità pubblica. La rivista – indicizzata su Medline e dotata di Impact Factor – è un canale importante anche per la segnalazione al pubblico internazionale di contributi che altrimenti circolerebbero soltanto in Italia. E&P in questi decenni ha svolto una funzione di riferimento per la sanità pubblica ma anche per i cittadini e le loro diverse forme di aggregazione. Il principio che l’ha ispirata era, e rimane, che l’epidemiologia ha senso se è funzionale alla prevenzione e alla sanità pubblica e che la prevenzione ha ben poche possibilità di realizzarsi se non si fonda su valide basi scientifiche e se non c’è la partecipazione di tutti i soggetti interessati. Modalità di comunicazione aggiornate, metodologia statistica ed epidemiologica rigorosa, validità degli studi e solidità delle interpretazioni dei risultati sono la solida matrice su cui E&P è costruita. A questa si accompagna una forte responsabilità etica verso la salute pubblica, che oggi ha ampliato in forma irreversibile il suo orizzonte, e include in forma sempre più consapevole non solo gli esseri umani, ma l’intero pianeta e le modificazioni che l’uomo apporta all’universo in cui vive. L’ambizione è che l’offerta di nuovi strumenti di comunicazione, informazione e formazione, soprattutto attraverso l''uso di internet, renda la rivista non solo un tradizionale veicolo di contenuti e analisi scientifiche, ma anche un potente strumento a disposizione di una comunità di interessi e di valori che ha a cuore la salute pubblica.
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