Beyond labels: narratives of oscillating identities, stigma and well-being among Chinese gay men.

Abstract

Gay men remain significantly marginalised in China due to entrenched cultural norms emphasising masculinity and family lineage, as well as issues of legitimacy. This study explores how young gay men in China navigate societal and intra-community stigma and the strategies they employ to manage its impact on their identity and mental well-being. Drawing on interviews with 19 participants, a critical discourse analysis of their narratives reveals a hierarchical group structure based on perceived masculinity, which creates distinctions between 'deserving' and 'undeserving' gay identities. Many participants adhere to a standardised aesthetic framework characterised by a sexualised gaze. Their perceptions of self and others often exhibit internal conflicts, and their sense of belonging appears to contribute minimally to societal change. The study highlights how Chinese gay culture is fragmented by limited openness, inclusivity, and diversity. This fragmentation results in a focus on defining 'homosexuality' itself rather than the potential of same-sex relationships to promote collective social change. In this study there was a notable disinterest among participants in consolidating a cohesive group identity, with individuals prioritising personal status over achieving a cultural consensus, thereby creating obstacles to pursuing greater social acceptance and asserting rights as part of a gay community.