The relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control is stronger in women with type 2 diabetes in South Asians: Results from a cross-sectional multicenter study

IF 3 3区医学 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Journal of Diabetes Investigation Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI:10.1111/jdi.70134

Md Kamruzzaman, Jessica A. Marathe, Karen L. Jones, Matthew A. Borg, Michael Horowitz, Scott R. Clark, Chinmay S. Marathe

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction

While the bidirectional relationship between depression and diabetes is well recognized, the outcome of studies evaluating the potential for sex disparity, especially in low-to-middle-income (LMIC) South Asian countries, is unexplored. We evaluated sex differences in the relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh.

Methods

1,485 unselected individuals with, and 228 without, type 2 diabetes completed the PHQ-9 (depression screening questionnaire), and sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained. The PHQ-9 scores were categorized as mild (5–10), moderate (10–15), moderately severe (15–20), and severe (≥20) depressive symptoms, with scores ≥10 indicating clinically relevant symptoms. Descriptive statistics and ordinal and binary logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

In individuals with type 2 diabetes, mean HbA1c was 9.8 ± 0.1%, with no difference between sexes (9.9 ± 0.1% vs 9.7 ± 0.2%, P = 0.39). The overall mean PHQ-9 score was 8.5 ± 0.2, with females exhibiting higher scores (9.5 ± 0.2 vs 7.1 ± 0.2, P < 0.001). Depressive symptoms correlated with older age, lower education level, longer diabetes duration (>5 years: OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–2.3), suboptimal (HbA1c 7–9%: OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–3.2), and poorer glycemic control (HbA1c ≥9%: OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.9). Suboptimal (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1–4.3) or poor (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3–4.9) glycemic control and diabetes duration of 1–5 years (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–3.0) and >5 years (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5–3.9) were associated with an increased likelihood of mild-to-severe depressive symptoms in females, but not in males.

Conclusion

The association of depressive symptoms and poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes in South Asians is stronger in females.

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南亚女性2型糖尿病患者抑郁症状与血糖控制之间的关系更强：来自一项横断面多中心研究的结果

导言：虽然抑郁症和糖尿病之间的双向关系是公认的，但评估性别差异潜力的研究结果，特别是在低收入和中等收入（LMIC）南亚国家，尚未探索。我们评估了孟加拉国2型糖尿病患者抑郁症状和血糖控制之间关系的性别差异。方法：1485名未入选的2型糖尿病患者和228名非2型糖尿病患者完成了PHQ-9（抑郁症筛查问卷），并获得了社会人口学和临床数据。PHQ-9评分分为轻度（5-10）、中度（10-15）、中度（15-20）和重度（≥20）抑郁症状，得分≥10为临床相关症状。描述性统计和有序和二元逻辑回归分析。结果：2型糖尿病患者的平均HbA1c为9.8±0.1%，性别间无差异（9.9±0.1% vs 9.7±0.2%,P = 0.39）。总体平均PHQ-9评分为8.5±0.2，其中女性评分较高（9.5±0.2 vs 7.1±0.2，P 5年：OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.3），次优（HbA1c 7-9%: OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-3.2），血糖控制较差(HbA1c≥9%:OR, 1.7；95% ci, 1.1-2.9)。血糖控制次优（OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1-4.3）或不良（OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-4.9）和糖尿病病程1-5年（OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-3.0）和5年（OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5-3.9）与女性出现轻度至重度抑郁症状的可能性增加相关，但与男性无关。结论：南亚2型糖尿病患者抑郁症状与血糖控制不良的相关性在女性中更强。

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来源期刊

Journal of Diabetes Investigation ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM-

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

9.40%

发文量

218

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Diabetes Investigation is your core diabetes journal from Asia; the official journal of the Asian Association for the Study of Diabetes (AASD). The journal publishes original research, country reports, commentaries, reviews, mini-reviews, case reports, letters, as well as editorials and news. Embracing clinical and experimental research in diabetes and related areas, the Journal of Diabetes Investigation includes aspects of prevention, treatment, as well as molecular aspects and pathophysiology. Translational research focused on the exchange of ideas between clinicians and researchers is also welcome. Journal of Diabetes Investigation is indexed by Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE).