The role of digital storytelling methods in promoting health-related outcomes among young adults of color: a systematic review.

Abstract

Background: Digital storytelling (DST) encourages participants to use technology to create narratives and share personal experiences. Although DST can amplify the voices of groups experiencing marginalization, it is unclear how DST has been used among young adults of color. We also lack a comprehensive understanding of DST's role in addressing health-related outcomes. We conducted a systematic review to examine the role of DST in influencing health-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among young adults of color.

Methods: We searched three databases for peer-reviewed literature between January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2023, for references examining DST methods among young adults (aged 18-39 years) of color that included at least one health-related outcome. We used a two-stage review process to assess eligibility. Data were analyzed by DST type and health outcome.

Results: From 877 references, we identified 33 eligible articles, most of which were from Canada and the USA. Studies addressed infectious diseases (n=13), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); mental health issues (n=10); maternal and reproductive health (n=5); and behavioral or other health themes (n=5). Across health areas, studies were divided by DST type: media creation (e.g., participants created digital stories) or media consumption (e.g., participants or other community members were exposed to stories). Studies using media creation often use qualitative methods to identify social determinants of health or reveal complex health-related issues. Studies using media consumption often used quantitative methods to measure knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Across health topics, DST demonstrated some effect in changing health knowledge and attitudes, but mixed results in terms of shifting health behaviors.

Conclusions: DST can amplify the voices of young adults of color, especially regarding complex issues, such as managing HIV or mental health issues. Media creation studies explored lived experiences, while media consumption studies showed that DST was effective at improving knowledge and attitudes related to certain health issues. More randomized controlled trials may be necessary to better assess the effect of DST interventions on modifying health behaviors. Researchers should also consider the value of DST beyond health outcomes intended to be measured, including the ability to empower young adults of color to be more fully engaged throughout the research process.