High-performance compact elliptic fractal-plasmonic microstrip antenna for advanced wireless communication

Abstract

Modern wireless communication standards require small, high-performing antennas, which are becoming increasingly necessary as technology develops. Simple geometries and traditional dielectric materials limit the bandwidth, efficiency, and flexibility of traditional microstrip antennas, which limits their use in high-frequency applications. This study proposes a novel Elliptic Fractal-Plasmonic Microstrip Antenna that integrates advanced materials and innovative geometries to improve bandwidth, efficiency, and miniaturization. The design includes a Rogers RT/DUROID 5880 lower substrate, aperture coupling with plasmonic effects, and a graphene-based ground plane with an H-slot for enhanced conductivity and flexibility. The upper substrate uses barium titanate to enable miniaturization, while the elliptically shaped patch with nested fractals and slots improves impedance matching and supports multiple resonant frequencies, expanding the operational bandwidth. The proposed model analysis shows outstanding results at terahertz frequencies, with a return loss of —34.4 dB at 10 THz, resonant frequencies of 13.06 THz, 11.65 THz, and 11.86 THz, and impedance bandwidths of 18.06 THz, 16 THz, and 16.5 THz. The input impedance remains stable, and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio values confirm excellent radiation characteristics. These results indicate a significant improvement in bandwidth, efficiency, and miniaturization compared to conventional designs.