Effect of microwave sintering on phase evolution and magnetic behavior of barium hexaferrite

IF 3 3区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI:10.1016/j.jmmm.2025.173419

S. Bharadwaj , Y. Kalyanalakshmi , T. Sai Santoshi

{"title":"Effect of microwave sintering on phase evolution and magnetic behavior of barium hexaferrite","authors":"S. Bharadwaj , Y. Kalyanalakshmi , T. Sai Santoshi","doi":"10.1016/j.jmmm.2025.173419","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A systematic study on the effect of microwave sintering on structural and magnetic behavior of M-type barium hexaferrite prepared using sol–gel method is presented. The powders were calcined at 700 °C/3 hrs and then a single pellet has been sintered at different temperatures of 750 °C, 850 °C, 950 °C and 1050 °C with 30 min as holding time in a microwave furnace. X-ray diffraction studies and Rietveld analysis confirms the presence of hexaferrite phase along with α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase and this additional phase vanishes for 950 °C and 1050 °C sintering temperatures. The Goodness of fit and χ<sup>2</sup> found from Rietveld analysis further confirms the purity of the phase. Grain size increases systematically with microwave sintering conditions and ranges between 159 nm and 225 nm. The magnetic parameters such as remanent magnetization, saturation magnetization and coercivity increases with microwave sintering temperature up to 950 °C but slightly drops for 1050 °C sample. These variations in the magnetic behavior of microwave sintering hexaferrites could be attributed to controlled grain size effects and the iron ion distributions at various available sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":366,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","volume":"630 ","pages":"Article 173419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304885325006511","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

A systematic study on the effect of microwave sintering on structural and magnetic behavior of M-type barium hexaferrite prepared using sol–gel method is presented. The powders were calcined at 700 °C/3 hrs and then a single pellet has been sintered at different temperatures of 750 °C, 850 °C, 950 °C and 1050 °C with 30 min as holding time in a microwave furnace. X-ray diffraction studies and Rietveld analysis confirms the presence of hexaferrite phase along with α-Fe₂O₃ phase and this additional phase vanishes for 950 °C and 1050 °C sintering temperatures. The Goodness of fit and χ² found from Rietveld analysis further confirms the purity of the phase. Grain size increases systematically with microwave sintering conditions and ranges between 159 nm and 225 nm. The magnetic parameters such as remanent magnetization, saturation magnetization and coercivity increases with microwave sintering temperature up to 950 °C but slightly drops for 1050 °C sample. These variations in the magnetic behavior of microwave sintering hexaferrites could be attributed to controlled grain size effects and the iron ion distributions at various available sites.

查看原文本刊更多论文

微波烧结对六铁氧体钡相变及磁性的影响

系统研究了微波烧结对溶胶-凝胶法制备的m型六铁氧体钡结构和磁性的影响。将粉末在700℃/3 h下煅烧，然后在750℃、850℃、950℃和1050℃的不同温度下，在微波炉中保温30 min，烧结成单个球团。x射线衍射研究和Rietveld分析证实了α-Fe2O3相和六铁素体相的存在，并且在950°C和1050°C烧结温度下，这一附加相消失。Rietveld分析的拟合优度和χ2进一步证实了相的纯度。随着微波烧结条件的增加，晶粒尺寸逐渐增大，范围在159 ~ 225 nm之间。残余磁化强度、饱和磁化强度和矫顽力等磁性参数随微波烧结温度升高而升高，但在1050℃时略有下降。微波烧结六铁氧体磁性行为的这些变化可归因于可控的晶粒尺寸效应和不同可用位置的铁离子分布。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 物理-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

11.10%

发文量

1149

审稿时长

59 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials provides an important forum for the disclosure and discussion of original contributions covering the whole spectrum of topics, from basic magnetism to the technology and applications of magnetic materials. The journal encourages greater interaction between the basic and applied sub-disciplines of magnetism with comprehensive review articles, in addition to full-length contributions. In addition, other categories of contributions are welcome, including Critical Focused issues, Current Perspectives and Outreach to the General Public. Main Categories: Full-length articles: Technically original research documents that report results of value to the communities that comprise the journal audience. The link between chemical, structural and microstructural properties on the one hand and magnetic properties on the other hand are encouraged. In addition to general topics covering all areas of magnetism and magnetic materials, the full-length articles also include three sub-sections, focusing on Nanomagnetism, Spintronics and Applications. The sub-section on Nanomagnetism contains articles on magnetic nanoparticles, nanowires, thin films, 2D materials and other nanoscale magnetic materials and their applications. The sub-section on Spintronics contains articles on magnetoresistance, magnetoimpedance, magneto-optical phenomena, Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), and other topics related to spin current control and magneto-transport phenomena. The sub-section on Applications display papers that focus on applications of magnetic materials. The applications need to show a connection to magnetism. Review articles: Review articles organize, clarify, and summarize existing major works in the areas covered by the Journal and provide comprehensive citations to the full spectrum of relevant literature.