Research of the levitation force second leap phenomenon in second-order levitation force experiments of magnetic fluids with sidewall constraint

IF 3 3区材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI:10.1016/j.jmmm.2025.173411

Tingxin Liu , Jie Yao , Decai Li , Xinyu Zhao , Hui Li

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Abstract

The levitation force of magnetic fluids is a critical parameter determining the performance of devices such as dampers, sensors, bearings, and actuators. It has been observed that when a magnetic fluid is underfilled in a container, wall confinement induces a quadratic acceleration in the levitation force with increasing fluid mass—a phenomenon termed the “second leap”. Nevertheless, the underlying physical mechanism remains inadequately explained. This study derives a computational formula for the levitation force on a permanent magnet based on the static equilibrium equations and Bernoulli’s equation, establishing a functional relationship between the levitation force, surface tension, and magnetic field strength. Through comparative analysis of experimental and simulation results, we systematically investigate the influence of sidewall confinement on the levitation force, validate its variation, and rule out the contribution of the surface tension. Ultimately, we demonstrate that the “second leap” of the levitation force arises from the combined effects of increased gravitational potential energy and reduced magnetic field strength at the magnetic fluid-air boundary.

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具有侧壁约束的磁流体二阶悬浮力实验中悬浮力二次跃迁现象的研究

磁流体的悬浮力是决定阻尼器、传感器、轴承和执行器等设备性能的关键参数。已经观察到，当磁性流体在容器中未充满时，壁面约束导致悬浮力随流体质量的增加而二次加速，这种现象称为“第二次飞跃”。然而，潜在的物理机制仍然没有得到充分的解释。本文基于静力平衡方程和伯努利方程推导出永磁体悬浮力的计算公式，建立了悬浮力与表面张力、磁场强度之间的函数关系。通过对实验结果和仿真结果的对比分析，系统研究了侧壁约束对悬浮力的影响，验证了悬浮力的变化规律，排除了表面张力的影响。最后，我们证明了悬浮力的“第二次飞跃”是由磁流体-空气边界处重力势能增加和磁场强度降低的综合作用引起的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 物理-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

11.10%

发文量

1149

审稿时长

59 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials provides an important forum for the disclosure and discussion of original contributions covering the whole spectrum of topics, from basic magnetism to the technology and applications of magnetic materials. The journal encourages greater interaction between the basic and applied sub-disciplines of magnetism with comprehensive review articles, in addition to full-length contributions. In addition, other categories of contributions are welcome, including Critical Focused issues, Current Perspectives and Outreach to the General Public. Main Categories: Full-length articles: Technically original research documents that report results of value to the communities that comprise the journal audience. The link between chemical, structural and microstructural properties on the one hand and magnetic properties on the other hand are encouraged. In addition to general topics covering all areas of magnetism and magnetic materials, the full-length articles also include three sub-sections, focusing on Nanomagnetism, Spintronics and Applications. The sub-section on Nanomagnetism contains articles on magnetic nanoparticles, nanowires, thin films, 2D materials and other nanoscale magnetic materials and their applications. The sub-section on Spintronics contains articles on magnetoresistance, magnetoimpedance, magneto-optical phenomena, Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), and other topics related to spin current control and magneto-transport phenomena. The sub-section on Applications display papers that focus on applications of magnetic materials. The applications need to show a connection to magnetism. Review articles: Review articles organize, clarify, and summarize existing major works in the areas covered by the Journal and provide comprehensive citations to the full spectrum of relevant literature.