The Relationship Between Radiographic Osteoarthritis, Step Counts, and Pain Levels in Patients Undergoing Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) severity does not always correlate with clinical symptoms in joint arthroplasty candidates. Identifying metrics that correlate with clinical symptoms may inform strategies for OA treatment and optimization of arthroplasty timing. This study investigates the relationship between the novel metric of preoperative step count (SC) and radiographic OA severity compared with standard measures of preoperative pain/function.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 611 preoperative primary hip and knee arthroplasty patients. A mobile application preoperatively collected daily SCs (30 days), pain levels (0 to 10), and PROMIS Global Physical (PROMIS-P) and Mental (PROMIS-M) scores. Total preoperative SCs were normalized, yielding steps/day-recorded. Reviewers assessed preoperative radiographs for Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) OA severity. Associations between OA severity, SCs, and patient-reported pain/function were assessed by ANCOVAs, t-tests, and linear regressions.

Results: A total of 507 patients recorded steps. KL grade 4 (severe) patients took fewer steps/day-recorded than KL grade 1-3 patients (P = 0.01); among KL grade 1-3 patients, there were no significant differences (P = 0.16). No differences were observed in pain (P = 0.50) or PROMIS-P scores (P = 0.21) between KL grades. Steps were negatively correlated with BMI (P < 0.001) and age (P < 0.001). Men walked more than women (P < 0.0001). Preoperative steps were positively correlated with PROMIS-P scores (P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with pain (P = 0.003). Better mental health correlated with more steps (P = 0.009).

Discussion: Preoperatively, KL grade 4 patients took fewer steps than KL grade 1-3 patients, yet their reported pain/function did not differ. This suggests that step counts provide additional information on joint degeneration unavailable from standard preoperative measures and may be useful in clinical decision making as a better clinical proxy for function than standard patient-reported metrics.