Enhancing Awareness and Care: Addressing Military Sexual Trauma among Women Veterans.

Abstract

Military sexual trauma (MST) significantly impacts the health and well-being of women veterans in the US military, where women constitute 16.3% of active-duty service members. Despite policy advancements, MST remains prevalent, with profound implications for mental and physical health. MST encompasses sexual assault and harassment, affecting 38% of women and 4% of men in the military. It is linked to higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, substance use disorders, and physical health issues such as cardiovascular disease and chronic pain. In addition, MST survivors face social functional impairments, including difficulties in family relationships, occupational performance, and educational achievements. The military environment, characterized by close living quarters and hierarchical power dynamics, exacerbates the risk and consequences of MST. Survivors often experience institutional betrayal and fear of retaliation, hindering reporting and access to support. Effective interventions must address these unique challenges, emphasizing trauma-informed care, social support, and systemic changes to promote gender equity and accountability. Leveraging technology, such as mobile applications and online interventions, can enhance access to care and support for MST survivors. Comprehensive prevention and intervention strategies, coupled with policy reforms and cultural shifts within the military, are crucial for mitigating the impacts of MST and supporting the recovery and well-being of women veterans. The objective of this narrative review is to examine the health impacts and systemic challenges of MST among women veterans, advocating for trauma-informed care and policy reform.