{"title":"Meta-analysis of maternal and neonatal outcomes of cannabis use in pregnancy current to March 2024.","authors":"Katelyn Sainz, Hollie Ulibarri, Amanda Arroyo, Daniela Gonzalez Herrera, Brooke Hamilton, Kate Ruffley, McKenna Robinson, Greg J Marchand","doi":"10.1186/s40748-025-00216-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Following expansive legalization of cannabis in many parts of the United States, cannabis use in pregnancy has increased several fold. There is a pressing need to understand the maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with this exposure.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantify the maternal and neonatal outcomes of mothers using cannabis during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>We searched five databases for all relevant observational studies, from each database's inception until March 1st 2024.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Two reviewers separately screened the studies in duplicate. Our initial search yielded 5184 studies, of which 51 (0.98%) were included in our qualitative synthesis.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>Our study adhered to PRISMA guidelines and independent extraction by two researchers was utilized. We used a 95% confidence interval and the random effects model, as there was significant heterogeneity between studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 51 included studies yielded a total population of 7,920,383 pregnant women. Cannabis consumption was associated with increased risks of low birth weight (RR = 1.69,95% CI = (1.34,2.14),P < 0.0001), small for gestational age (RR = 1.79,95% CI = (1.52, 2.1),P < 0.00001), major anomalies (RR = 1.81,95% CI = (1.48, 2.23),P < 0.00001), decreased head circumference (MD = -0.34,95% CI = (-0.57,-0.11),P = 0.004), birth weight (MD = -177.81,95% CI = (-224.72,-130.91),P < 0.00001), birth length (MD = -0.87,95% CI = (-1.15,-0.59),P < 0.00001), gestational age (MD = -0.21,95% CI = (-0.35,-0.08),P = 0.002), NICU admission (RR = 1.55,95% CI = (1.36,1.78),P < 0.00001), perinatal mortality (RR = 1.72,95% CI = (1.09,2.71),P = 0.02), and preterm delivery (RR = 1.39,95% CI = (1.23,1.56),P < 0.00001). Cannabis use was also associated with a decreased risk of gestational diabetes in pregnancy (RR = 0.64,95% CI = (0.55,0.75),P < 0.00001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Inclusion of the latest published data continues to show worse maternal and neonatal outcomes for mothers using cannabis in pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":74120,"journal":{"name":"Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology","volume":"11 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12315265/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-025-00216-9","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Importance: Following expansive legalization of cannabis in many parts of the United States, cannabis use in pregnancy has increased several fold. There is a pressing need to understand the maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with this exposure.
Objective: To quantify the maternal and neonatal outcomes of mothers using cannabis during pregnancy.
Data sources: We searched five databases for all relevant observational studies, from each database's inception until March 1st 2024.
Study selection: Two reviewers separately screened the studies in duplicate. Our initial search yielded 5184 studies, of which 51 (0.98%) were included in our qualitative synthesis.
Data extraction and synthesis: Our study adhered to PRISMA guidelines and independent extraction by two researchers was utilized. We used a 95% confidence interval and the random effects model, as there was significant heterogeneity between studies.
Results: The 51 included studies yielded a total population of 7,920,383 pregnant women. Cannabis consumption was associated with increased risks of low birth weight (RR = 1.69,95% CI = (1.34,2.14),P < 0.0001), small for gestational age (RR = 1.79,95% CI = (1.52, 2.1),P < 0.00001), major anomalies (RR = 1.81,95% CI = (1.48, 2.23),P < 0.00001), decreased head circumference (MD = -0.34,95% CI = (-0.57,-0.11),P = 0.004), birth weight (MD = -177.81,95% CI = (-224.72,-130.91),P < 0.00001), birth length (MD = -0.87,95% CI = (-1.15,-0.59),P < 0.00001), gestational age (MD = -0.21,95% CI = (-0.35,-0.08),P = 0.002), NICU admission (RR = 1.55,95% CI = (1.36,1.78),P < 0.00001), perinatal mortality (RR = 1.72,95% CI = (1.09,2.71),P = 0.02), and preterm delivery (RR = 1.39,95% CI = (1.23,1.56),P < 0.00001). Cannabis use was also associated with a decreased risk of gestational diabetes in pregnancy (RR = 0.64,95% CI = (0.55,0.75),P < 0.00001).
Conclusions: Inclusion of the latest published data continues to show worse maternal and neonatal outcomes for mothers using cannabis in pregnancy.
重要性:随着大麻在美国许多地区广泛合法化,怀孕期间使用大麻的人数增加了几倍。迫切需要了解与这种接触有关的孕产妇和新生儿结局。目的:量化怀孕期间使用大麻的母亲的孕产妇和新生儿结局。数据来源:我们检索了5个数据库,从每个数据库的建立到2024年3月1日,检索了所有相关的观察性研究。研究选择:两位审稿人分别筛选了重复的研究。我们最初的检索得到5184项研究,其中51项(0.98%)纳入我们的定性综合。数据提取与合成:本研究遵循PRISMA指南,采用两位研究者独立提取。我们使用95%的置信区间和随机效应模型,因为研究之间存在显著的异质性。结果:51项纳入的研究共产生了7,920,383名孕妇。大麻消费与低出生体重风险增加相关(RR = 1.69,95% CI =(1.34,2.14))。结论:纳入最新公布的数据继续显示,怀孕期间使用大麻的母亲的孕产妇和新生儿结局更差。