{"title":"beta4dist: A Python package for the four-parameter Beta distribution and likelihood-based estimation","authors":"Soham Ghosh , Sujay Mukhoti , Abhirup Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.softx.2025.102273","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present <span>beta4dist</span>, the first open-source <span>Python</span> package that implements a likelihood-based estimation framework for the four-parameter Beta distribution. This flexible distribution is widely used to model bounded, continuous data with diverse shapes, including skewed and heavy-tailed patterns. Such datasets are common in fields such as hydrology, environmental science, and reliability engineering. The software estimates location parameters via order statistics and computes shape parameters using marginal likelihood optimization, ensuring that all estimates adhere to natural parameter constraints. In addition to core estimation routines, <span>beta4dist</span> includes utilities for density evaluation, random sampling, cumulative distribution, quantiles, and model diagnostics. The package is fully tested, easy to integrate into standard <span>Python</span> workflows, and supports both research reproducibility and practical applications requiring shape-robust modeling tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21905,"journal":{"name":"SoftwareX","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 102273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"SoftwareX","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352711025002407","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"COMPUTER SCIENCE, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
We present beta4dist, the first open-source Python package that implements a likelihood-based estimation framework for the four-parameter Beta distribution. This flexible distribution is widely used to model bounded, continuous data with diverse shapes, including skewed and heavy-tailed patterns. Such datasets are common in fields such as hydrology, environmental science, and reliability engineering. The software estimates location parameters via order statistics and computes shape parameters using marginal likelihood optimization, ensuring that all estimates adhere to natural parameter constraints. In addition to core estimation routines, beta4dist includes utilities for density evaluation, random sampling, cumulative distribution, quantiles, and model diagnostics. The package is fully tested, easy to integrate into standard Python workflows, and supports both research reproducibility and practical applications requiring shape-robust modeling tools.
期刊介绍:
SoftwareX aims to acknowledge the impact of software on today''s research practice, and on new scientific discoveries in almost all research domains. SoftwareX also aims to stress the importance of the software developers who are, in part, responsible for this impact. To this end, SoftwareX aims to support publication of research software in such a way that: The software is given a stamp of scientific relevance, and provided with a peer-reviewed recognition of scientific impact; The software developers are given the credits they deserve; The software is citable, allowing traditional metrics of scientific excellence to apply; The academic career paths of software developers are supported rather than hindered; The software is publicly available for inspection, validation, and re-use. Above all, SoftwareX aims to inform researchers about software applications, tools and libraries with a (proven) potential to impact the process of scientific discovery in various domains. The journal is multidisciplinary and accepts submissions from within and across subject domains such as those represented within the broad thematic areas below: Mathematical and Physical Sciences; Environmental Sciences; Medical and Biological Sciences; Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences. Originating from these broad thematic areas, the journal also welcomes submissions of software that works in cross cutting thematic areas, such as citizen science, cybersecurity, digital economy, energy, global resource stewardship, health and wellbeing, etcetera. SoftwareX specifically aims to accept submissions representing domain-independent software that may impact more than one research domain.