Eco-friendly sol-gel synthesis and comprehensive analysis of Ruthenium-substituted Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera gum

IF 3.3 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Solid State Sciences Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2025.108041

Qudsiya Y. Tamboli , Pramod D. Mhase , Ibraheem Bushnak , Awatef M. Alshehri , Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi , Sunil M. Patange , Kranti R. Zakde

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Abstract

In this work, ruthenium-substituted cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) nanoparticles were synthesized using an eco-friendly sol-gel method with Moringa oleifera gum as a natural chelating and stabilizing agent. Structural analysis via X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of a highly crystalline spinel phase, with minor secondary RuO₂ phases at higher substitution levels. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed a uniform nanoscale morphology with limited agglomeration. Raman spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) validated successful Ru incorporation and preserved spinel vibrational modes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated the stable substitution of Ru³⁺ ions into the octahedral sites without significant alteration of Co²⁺ and Fe³⁺ oxidation states. Optical studies using UV–Vis spectroscopy indicated a tunable bandgap from 3.25 to 2.5 eV with increasing Ru³⁺ content. Magnetic measurements revealed superparamagnetic behavior with decreasing saturation magnetization and coercivity upon Ru substitution. These results highlight the potential of Ru-substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for multifunctional applications in magnetic, optical, and catalytic technologies, while emphasizing the advantages of sustainable synthesis routes.

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以辣木树胶为原料制备钌取代钴铁氧体纳米颗粒的溶胶-凝胶合成及综合分析

本研究以辣木胶为天然螯合稳定剂，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了钌取代钴铁氧体（CoFe2O4）纳米颗粒。通过x射线衍射（XRD）的结构分析证实了高结晶尖晶石相的形成，在较高的取代水平上有少量的次生RuO2相。场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）显示了均匀的纳米级形貌和有限的团聚。拉曼光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）验证了Ru的成功掺入并保留了尖晶石的振动模式。x射线光电子能谱（XPS）表明Ru3+离子稳定地取代了八面体位点，而Co2+和Fe3+的氧化态没有明显改变。紫外可见光谱的光学研究表明，随着Ru3+含量的增加，带隙在3.25 ~ 2.5 eV之间可调。磁测量结果表明，钌取代后，饱和磁化强度和矫顽力降低，具有超顺磁性。这些结果突出了钌取代钴铁氧体纳米颗粒在磁性、光学和催化技术方面的多功能应用潜力，同时强调了可持续合成路线的优势。

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来源期刊

Solid State Sciences 化学-无机化学与核化学

CiteScore

6.60

自引率

2.90%

发文量

214

审稿时长

27 days

期刊介绍： Solid State Sciences is the journal for researchers from the broad solid state chemistry and physics community. It publishes key articles on all aspects of solid state synthesis, structure-property relationships, theory and functionalities, in relation with experiments. Key topics for stand-alone papers and special issues: -Novel ways of synthesis, inorganic functional materials, including porous and glassy materials, hybrid organic-inorganic compounds and nanomaterials -Physical properties, emphasizing but not limited to the electrical, magnetical and optical features -Materials related to information technology and energy and environmental sciences. The journal publishes feature articles from experts in the field upon invitation. Solid State Sciences - your gateway to energy-related materials.