Sports or no sports? How to manage the young arrhythmia patient.

Abstract

Background: Inherited arrhythmia syndromes and cardiomyopathies are among the most concerning causes of sudden cardiac death in young individuals, particularly in the context of physical activity. Historically, sports participation in these patients has been broadly restricted due to safety concerns. However, emerging data and updated guidelines suggest that a more individualized approach may be both appropriate and safe.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to review current evidence and evolving recommendations regarding sports participation in young individuals with inherited cardiac diseases.

Materials and methods: This review synthesizes recent studies, expert consensus statements, and current international guidelines (ESC, AHA/ACC).

Results: Recent data indicate that, in selected patients with inherited arrhythmia syndromes and cardiomyopathies who have undergone thorough evaluation and counseling, participation in sports-under appropriate precautions-may be safe and well tolerated. Emerging studies report low incidence of adverse events in appropriately managed athletes. Guidelines have shifted away from blanket restrictions and towards shared decision-making, especially in asymptomatic individuals or those with controlled disease. Key factors include genotype-phenotype correlation, history of arrhythmic events, treatment adherence, and patient/family understanding of risks.

Conclusion: In contrast to traditional dogma, a growing body of evidence supports less restrictive, patient-centered management for young individuals with inherited cardiac conditions. With proper evaluation, risk stratification, and informed decision-making, sports participation and leisure time activities may be possible-and even beneficial-for many of these patients.