Orchestrating the Matrix: The Role of Glial Cells and Systemic Signals in Perineuronal Net Dynamics

IF 3.8 3区 医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Valentino Totaro, Tommaso Pizzorusso, Paola Tognini
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized, dense extracellular matrix structures that enmesh the cell bodies and dendrites of specific neurons, most notably inhibitory interneurons. Increasing evidence indicates that PNNs serve not merely as passive scaffolds but play an active and essential role in modulating synaptic plasticity and circuit physiology. They critically influence the timing of sensory system critical periods, as well as processes underlying learning, memory, and higher cognitive functions. Furthermore, dysregulation of PNN density and architecture have been associated with conditions like autism, neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. Since they are extensively involved in brain function, we discuss the multitude of regulatory factors that govern the formation, maturation, and remodeling of PNNs. In particular, we focus on both molecular and cellular brain-intrinsic mechanisms, highlighting the potential contributions of microglia and astrocyte derived factors. Additionally, we consider the influence of long-range signaling cues, including the metabolic status and peripheral hormones. Analysing this complex network of interactors, we try to highlight the role of PNNs beyond neural plasticity and brain function, in a broader whole-body physiological perspective.

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协调基质:神经胶质细胞和系统信号在神经周围网络动力学中的作用。
神经元周围网(PNNs)是一种特化的、致密的细胞外基质结构,可嵌入特定神经元的细胞体和树突,尤其是抑制性中间神经元。越来越多的证据表明,pnn不仅是被动的支架,而且在调节突触可塑性和电路生理方面发挥着积极和重要的作用。它们严重影响感觉系统关键时期的时间,以及潜在的学习、记忆和高级认知功能的过程。此外,PNN密度和结构失调与自闭症、神经发育障碍、精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默病等疾病有关。由于它们广泛参与脑功能,我们讨论了控制pnn形成、成熟和重塑的众多调节因素。我们特别关注分子和细胞脑内在机制,强调小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞衍生因子的潜在贡献。此外,我们还考虑了远程信号信号的影响,包括代谢状态和外周激素。分析这个复杂的相互作用网络,我们试图从更广泛的全身生理学角度强调pnn在神经可塑性和脑功能之外的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Neurochemical Research
Neurochemical Research 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
2.30%
发文量
320
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Neurochemical Research is devoted to the rapid publication of studies that use neurochemical methodology in research on nervous system structure and function. The journal publishes original reports of experimental and clinical research results, perceptive reviews of significant problem areas in the neurosciences, brief comments of a methodological or interpretive nature, and research summaries conducted by leading scientists whose works are not readily available in English.
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