Impact of Frailty on Hospital Adverse Outcomes in Elderly With Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstract

Introduction

Frailty management in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients remains a challenge due to the absence of standard guidelines, and the evidence of frailty in ACS elderly Vietnamese individuals is limited. This research aims to describe the impact of frailty on hospital adverse outcomes in older people with ACS in Vietnam.

Methods

This prospective, observational study design was conducted on older patients with ACS admitted to the Vietnam National Heart Institute, Vietnam. Participants who were 60 years old and over, diagnosed with ACS at admission according to the 2016 American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology guidelines, were included. The Clinical Frailty Scale was used to assess frailty.

Results

A total of 116 participants were recruited for this study, with a mean age of 72.91 ± 6.22 years, 34.48% female. The prevalence of frailty was 35.3%. The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (81.03%), diabetes (32.76%), heart failure (15.52%), dyslipidemia (13.79%), and previous stroke (10.34%). Compared to nonfrail participants, frail ones had significantly higher rates of in-hospital adverse outcomes (odds ratio [OR] 3.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21−7.56) and net adverse clinical events (OR 6.25, 95% CI 1.14−34.29).

Conclusion

This research has demonstrated that frailty was a significant risk factor for adverse outcomes in ACS patients, with a more than triple risk of adverse outcomes observed in frail patients.