High-temperature performance evaluation of sustainable date palm fiber concrete with activated carbon: An MCDM and Weibull analysis approach

Abstract

This study explores the optimization and performance evaluation of date palm fiber (DPF) reinforced concrete containing powdered activated carbon (PAC) subjected to high temperatures. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) and Weibull distribution analyses were used to analyse the concrete’s properties. Weight loss and residual compressive strength at 300 °C, 600 °C, and 900 °C were measured. The concrete mixes were designed with varying DPF (0 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 3 %) and PAC (0 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 3 % by cement weight). Performance evaluation included compressive strength, workability, water absorption, and mass loss were measured. The EDAS method identified Mix M1D1P (1 % DPF, 1 % PAC) as the best-performing mix composition. The optimal mix demonstrated high compressive strength (54.13 MPa), residual strength at 800 °C (25.17 MPa), and low mass loss (9.84 %), making it suitable for high-temperature applications. The MCDM results revealed that mixes with moderate PAC content (1 %) outperformed those with excessive DPF and PAC due to reduced porosity and enhanced strength retention. Statistical reliability was verified through Weibull distribution, with high degree of correlation (R² = 0.981) for the residual strength at 600 °C. The findings underscore the potential of DPF as a sustainable fiber that enhances thermal stability and mechanical performance while supporting eco-friendly construction practices. This study advances smart concrete technology by providing a systematic framework for material selection and optimization, paving the way for durable and sustainable high-performance concrete applications. The findings in this study also explores its practical applications in structural and thermal barrier systems, offering functional foresight for civil engineering and sustainable construction practices.