Potential neural mechanisms and imaging changes in type 2 diabetes with cognitive impairment

Abstract

Many studies have demonstrated that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can lead to various complications. In this review, we examine the central nervous system (CNS) symptoms it causes, focusing on cognitive impairment (CI). T2DM and CI share several biological mechanisms, and multimodal imaging techniques facilitate the identification of brain alterations in patients ​T2DM with cognitive impairment (T2DM-CI). This review specifically discusses the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of T2DM-CI and the associated changes in brain structure and function. We propose that early, sustained attention to CNS alterations in T2DM is crucial for developing effective prevention and management strategies.