Pollination Needs and Diverse Bees of a Prospective Fuelbreak Wildflower, Curlycup Gumweed (Grindelia squarrosa)(Asteraceae)

IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
James H. Cane , Byron G. Love , Skyler Burrows , Alexander Fortin , Kelsey K. Graham
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Abstract

The arid sagebrush steppe of the US Intermountain West is prone to immense and costly wildfires. To disrupt the continuity of flammable vegetation, regional public land managers have begun clearing linear fuelbreaks that are currently seeded to a wind-pollinated Asian forb, forage kochia. A native fire-resistant alternative, Grindelia squarrosa, merits seeding with kochia. It readily colonizes disturbed sites and offers a profusion of late-season flowers to native bees. Field experiments showed that bee visitation is essential for its pollination. Compared with geitonogamous selfing, outcrossing yielded fourfold more filled achenes that were twice as likely to germinate. Collectively, our 15 regional surveys of bees foraging at G. squarrosa flowers were diverse (23 bee genera from five families) and all native, but for honeybees. Most of these species and three-fourths of their surveyed individuals nest below ground, where their progeny are safe from the surface heat of fire. Because G. squarrosa is a biennial, annual pollination by wild bees will be needed to assure ample seed to perpetuate populations sown in fuelbreaks of the US sagebrush steppe. In turn, G. squarrosa offers both pollen and nectar over many weeks that native bees avidly collect and cache for their progeny, as well as feeding future queens of resident social species.
菊科植物卷叶菊的传粉需求及蜜蜂多样性
美国西部山间干旱的山艾草草原容易发生巨大而昂贵的野火。为了破坏可燃植被的连续性,地区公共土地管理者已经开始清理线性的燃料中断,这些燃料中断目前种植在一种风媒传粉的亚洲草本植物——草食草上。一种本地的耐火替代品,粉砂,值得与小红花一起播种。它很容易在受干扰的地方定居,并为本地蜜蜂提供大量的晚季花朵。田间试验表明,蜜蜂的拜访对其授粉至关重要。与同族自交相比,异交产生的瘦果是同族自交的四倍,萌发的可能性是同族自交的两倍。总的来说,我们的15个区域调查显示,采食野蔷薇花的蜜蜂种类繁多(5科23个蜂属),除蜜蜂外均为本地蜜蜂。这些物种中的大多数和四分之三的被调查个体在地下筑巢,在那里它们的后代是安全的,不受地表火的影响。由于squarrosa是两年生植物,因此需要每年由野生蜜蜂授粉,以确保充足的种子,以使在美国山艾草草原的燃料中断中播种的种群永续。反过来,squarrosa在数周内提供花粉和花蜜,本土蜜蜂贪婪地收集和储存这些花粉和花蜜给它们的后代,以及喂养未来的常驻社会物种的女王。
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来源期刊
Rangeland Ecology & Management
Rangeland Ecology & Management 农林科学-环境科学
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
13.00%
发文量
87
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Rangeland Ecology & Management publishes all topics-including ecology, management, socioeconomic and policy-pertaining to global rangelands. The journal''s mission is to inform academics, ecosystem managers and policy makers of science-based information to promote sound rangeland stewardship. Author submissions are published in five manuscript categories: original research papers, high-profile forum topics, concept syntheses, as well as research and technical notes. Rangelands represent approximately 50% of the Earth''s land area and provision multiple ecosystem services for large human populations. This expansive and diverse land area functions as coupled human-ecological systems. Knowledge of both social and biophysical system components and their interactions represent the foundation for informed rangeland stewardship. Rangeland Ecology & Management uniquely integrates information from multiple system components to address current and pending challenges confronting global rangelands.
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