Design of a fluidized temperature swing adsorption process for biomass-derived flue gas carbon capture

Abstract

The Paris Agreement has established ambitious global climate targets, necessitating the deployment of advanced carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Among these, Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) stands out as a viable solution for achieving negative emissions. This study presents an optimization-based design framework for a simulated fluidized temperature swing adsorption (TSA) system tailored for large-scale CO₂ capture from biomass-derived flue gases. The process model incorporates thermodynamic, kinetic, and hydrodynamic parameters, optimizing key operating variables such as temperature, pressure, and flow rates to minimize operational costs. Simulations indicate that a four-stage adsorption system with a single desorption stage can achieve 95 % CO₂ purity and 97 % recovery at an estimated cost of 83.7 USD per ton of CO₂ captured. The study highlights the role of heat exchanger networks and process-wide optimization in improving energy efficiency and reducing costs. Furthermore, scalability analysis reveals that increasing the flue gas flow rate leads to significant economies of scale, reinforcing the viability of fluidized TSA for industrial applications. These findings contribute to the advancement of BECCS technologies, supporting global decarbonization efforts and the transition to a low-carbon economy.