Platelet-Based Nanotechnology Improves Cancer Immunotherapy

Abstract

Cancer immunotherapy is a cornerstone of precision medicine, yet its efficacy is often hampered by the immunosuppressive and heterogeneous microenvironment of solid tumors. Biomimetic nanodelivery systems have emerged as promising tools to enhance therapeutic outcomes while minimizing off-target effects. Among these, platelet (PLT)-based systems offer unique advantages, including prolonged circulation, immune evasion, and tumor-targeting capabilities. Of particular value is their ability to localize to sites of injury, which is a feature that nanocarriers cannot achieve. This review explores the multifaceted role of platelets in tumor development and metastasis, highlighting their bidirectional interactions with tumors. It further discusses the application of PLT-based nanotechnology in cancer immunotherapy, emphasizing recent advancements in immune regulation, targeted therapy, and clinical translation. We also address the challenges and considerations in developing PLT-based platforms, outlining future directions for their optimization in cancer treatment.