Simulation study of magnetic field effects on particle distribution and energy conversion in E×B electric propulsion thrusters

Abstract

The Orthogonal electromagnetic field (E × B field) serves as a crucial element that significantly intensifies the drift motion of particles in electric thrusters, such as Hall thrusters and magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters. By augmenting the ionization rate of gas discharge, it effectively improves the overall propulsion performance, presenting promising opportunities for advancements in space missions, including deep space exploration and orbital transfer. This study investigates the discharge process of the E × B field electric thruster, delving into the effects of the magnetic field on particle distribution and energy conversion. Focusing on a typical E × B configuration of a plasma thruster enhanced by an additional magnetic field, a Particle-In-Cell/Monte Carlo Collisions (PIC/MCC) numerical simulation model was developed to analyze the influence and mechanisms by which varying external magnetic field intensities affect plasma distribution and energy conversion. And the trajectories of charged particles in the E × B field under the action of different magnetic fields were captured. When the magnetic field strength rose from 0.013T to 0.038T, the axial kinetic energy of argon ions increased by 68.6 %. It also found that a stronger magnetic field suppresses radial electron diffusion, enhances electron vortex velocity and path, improves ionization efficiency, and significantly increases the proportion of low-energy electrons and high-energy argon ions, thus optimizing electric thruster performance. This study provides valuable insights for further investigating energy conversion mechanisms and optimizing the design of E × B field electric thrusters.