Acidic ionic liquid-decorated covalent organic framework TpPa–SO3H: a reusable solid acid catalyst used for sustainable biodiesel production from low-grade acidic oils

IF 3.1 3区 化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Xingyi Jia, Wenlei Xie and Heping Li
{"title":"Acidic ionic liquid-decorated covalent organic framework TpPa–SO3H: a reusable solid acid catalyst used for sustainable biodiesel production from low-grade acidic oils","authors":"Xingyi Jia, Wenlei Xie and Heping Li","doi":"10.1039/D4RE00501E","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hierarchical porous solid catalysts, with features such as large surface area, low mass transfer resistance, and high accessibility of active sites, have emerged as ideal catalysts for promoting large biomass molecule-involving reactions. In this study, an acidic ionic liquid [PrSO<small><sub>3</sub></small>HMIM] [HSO<small><sub>4</sub></small>] loaded covalent organic framework (COF) solid catalyst (<em>x</em>AIL@TpPa–SO<small><sub>3</sub></small>H) was developed as an effective and recoverable catalyst for the efficient production of biodiesel. The solid catalysts featuring hierarchical porous structure and high surface acidities effectively improved the mass diffusion rate of oily macromolecules and easy accessibility of active sites. This catalyst demonstrated enhanced activities in the transesterification of triglycerides and esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) simultaneously, which could achieve one-step production of biodiesel from low-grade acidic oils. Under the optimal conditions of a methanol to soybean oil molar ratio of 30 : 1, 10 wt% of catalyst loading (relative to the used soybean oil), and reaction temperature of 120 °C for 8 h, an oil conversion of 93.9% and full FFA conversion could be concurrently attained by adopting this developed catalyst. Kinetic studies have identified that the apparent activation energy <em>E</em><small><sub>a</sub></small> of the oil transesterification was 45.36 kJ mol<small><sup>−1</sup></small>. Additionally, this catalyst exhibited satisfactory acid- and water-resistance even with an FFA level of 40% and water content of 4%, and after four times of reuse, over 80% oil conversion could still be attained, hereby posing its high potential for sustainable and green production of biodiesel particularly with low-grade acidic oils as feedstocks.</p>","PeriodicalId":101,"journal":{"name":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","volume":" 8","pages":" 1932-1948"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Reaction Chemistry & Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2025/re/d4re00501e","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Hierarchical porous solid catalysts, with features such as large surface area, low mass transfer resistance, and high accessibility of active sites, have emerged as ideal catalysts for promoting large biomass molecule-involving reactions. In this study, an acidic ionic liquid [PrSO3HMIM] [HSO4] loaded covalent organic framework (COF) solid catalyst (xAIL@TpPa–SO3H) was developed as an effective and recoverable catalyst for the efficient production of biodiesel. The solid catalysts featuring hierarchical porous structure and high surface acidities effectively improved the mass diffusion rate of oily macromolecules and easy accessibility of active sites. This catalyst demonstrated enhanced activities in the transesterification of triglycerides and esterification of free fatty acids (FFAs) simultaneously, which could achieve one-step production of biodiesel from low-grade acidic oils. Under the optimal conditions of a methanol to soybean oil molar ratio of 30 : 1, 10 wt% of catalyst loading (relative to the used soybean oil), and reaction temperature of 120 °C for 8 h, an oil conversion of 93.9% and full FFA conversion could be concurrently attained by adopting this developed catalyst. Kinetic studies have identified that the apparent activation energy Ea of the oil transesterification was 45.36 kJ mol−1. Additionally, this catalyst exhibited satisfactory acid- and water-resistance even with an FFA level of 40% and water content of 4%, and after four times of reuse, over 80% oil conversion could still be attained, hereby posing its high potential for sustainable and green production of biodiesel particularly with low-grade acidic oils as feedstocks.

Abstract Image

酸性离子液体修饰的共价有机框架TpPa-SO3H:一种可重复使用的固体酸催化剂,用于从低品位酸性油中可持续生产生物柴油
分级多孔固体催化剂具有表面积大、传质阻力小、活性位点可及性高等特点,已成为促进大型生物质分子反应的理想催化剂。本研究开发了一种负载共价有机骨架(COF)固体催化剂(xAIL@TpPa -SO3H)的酸性离子液体[PrSO3HMIM] [HSO4],作为高效生产生物柴油的有效可回收催化剂。具有分层多孔结构和高表面酸性的固体催化剂有效地提高了油性大分子的质量扩散速率和活性位点的易接近性。该催化剂对甘油三酯酯交换反应和游离脂肪酸酯交换反应具有较强的催化活性,可实现低品位酸性油脂一步制得生物柴油。在甲醇与大豆油摩尔比为30:1,催化剂负载重量为10wt %(相对于用过的大豆油),反应温度为120℃,反应时间为8 h的最佳条件下,该催化剂可获得93.9%的油脂转化率和充分的FFA转化率。动力学研究表明,油酯交换反应的表观活化能Ea为45.36 kJ mol−1。此外,该催化剂即使在FFA含量为40%、含水量为4%的情况下,也表现出令人满意的耐酸性和耐水性,并且经过四次重复使用,仍然可以达到80%以上的油转化率,因此,它在可持续和绿色生产生物柴油方面具有很高的潜力,特别是以低品位酸性油为原料。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Reaction Chemistry & Engineering
Reaction Chemistry & Engineering Chemistry-Chemistry (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
7.70%
发文量
227
期刊介绍: Reaction Chemistry & Engineering is a new journal reporting cutting edge research into all aspects of making molecules for the benefit of fundamental research, applied processes and wider society. From fundamental, molecular-level chemistry to large scale chemical production, Reaction Chemistry & Engineering brings together communities of chemists and chemical engineers working to ensure the crucial role of reaction chemistry in today’s world.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信