Adolescents and young adults dating and HIV perceptions: A phenomenological study in N'Djamena, Chad.

Abstract

The study investigates the interplay between adolescent dating behaviours and HIV perceptions in Chad, where adolescents and young adults (AYA) aged 15-24 years are disproportionately affected. Four focus group discussions (n = 48) were conducted with high school students in N'Djamena, stratified into beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of a peer education programme. Using a phenomenological approach and the Colaizzi method in ATLAS.ti, we examined lived experiences around relationships, risk behaviours, and prevention strategies. Distinct gender differences emerged in dating motivations: males prioritised sexual satisfaction, while females sought emotional connection. Partner selection was influenced by intrinsic factors (emotional attraction) and extrinsic factors (financial benefits). Awareness of PrEP was absent, and condom use was more often linked to pregnancy prevention than HIV/STI protection. Risk behaviours such as alcohol use and multiple partnerships were common, with gender roles influencing safe sex decision-making. Shared responsibility for protection was noted only among beneficiaries of the peer programme. The findings highlight the need for gender-sensitive HIV prevention interventions addressing AYA's realities. Increased awareness of PrEP and moving beyond abstinence-focused strategies are essential to bridge gaps in HIV prevention and education in Chad.