Co-occurrence of phytoestrogens, pyrrolizidine alkaloids and other plant secondary metabolites in rations of dairy cattle in Punjab, Pakistan.

IF 2.5 3区农林科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI:10.1080/19393210.2025.2525861

Mubarik Mahmood, Michael Sulyok, Muhammad Zafar Ullah Khan, Kanwal Rafique, Muhammad Kashif Yar, Abdur Rahman, Johannes Faas, Juan Ignacio Artavia, Rudolf Krska, Felipe Penagos-Tabares

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Abstract

In this study 49 plant secondary metabolites such as phytoestrogens (PEs) and pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) were determined in dairy total mixed rations (TMR) collected from dairy farms in Punjab, Pakistan. A validated multi-metabolite method based on liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC - MS/MS) was used to screen a range of plant-derived metabolites. Across 30 TMR samples, PEs and other bioactive compounds, including PAs, were found at mean levels of 42,300 ± 25,400 and 340 ± 249 µg/kg dry matter, respectively, with 100% occurrence of PEs daidzein, genistein and glycitein, followed by biochanin A (96%), genistin (96%), daidzin (93%), glycitin (93%) and coumestrol (83%). All PEs, except biochanin A, coumestrol and ononin, positively correlated with proportions of corn grain, soybean meal, canola meal and molasses (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the widespread presence of PEs and PAs requires investigation of their effects in animals, to determine maximum levels in feed, considering animal and food safety perspectives.

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巴基斯坦旁遮普省奶牛口粮中植物雌激素、吡啶生物碱和其他植物次生代谢物的共现。

本研究从巴基斯坦旁遮普省奶牛场采集的总混合日粮（TMR）中测定了49种植物次生代谢物，如植物雌激素（PEs）和吡咯利西啶生物碱（PAs）。采用液相色谱/串联质谱法（LC - MS/MS）筛选一系列植物源性代谢物。在30份TMR样品中，pe和其他生物活性化合物（包括PAs）的平均含量分别为42,300±25,400和340±249µg/kg干物质，其中pe的含量为100%，大豆苷元、染料木素和糖苷，其次是生物茶豆素A（96%）、genistin（96%）、大豆苷元（93%）、糖苷元（93%）和古美特尔（83%）。除生物茶豆素A、甘豆醇和芥子苷外，其余pe均与玉米籽粒、豆粕、菜籽粕和糖蜜的比例呈正相关

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来源期刊

Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance 农林科学-毒理学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

10.30%

发文量

审稿时长

2.7 months

期刊介绍： Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B publishes surveillance data indicating the presence and levels of occurrence of designated food additives, residues and contaminants in foods, food supplements and animal feed. Data using validated methods must meet stipulated quality standards to be acceptable and must be presented in a prescribed format for subsequent data-handling. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B restricts its scope to include certain classes of food additives, residues and contaminants. This is based on a goal of covering those areas where there is a need to record surveillance data for the purposes of exposure and risk assessment. The scope is initially restricted to: Additives - food colours, artificial sweeteners, and preservatives; Residues – veterinary drug and pesticide residues; Contaminants – metals, mycotoxins, phycotoxins, plant toxins, nitrate/nitrite, PCDDs/PCFDs, PCBs, PAHs, acrylamide, 3-MPCD and contaminants derived from food packaging. Readership: The readership includes scientists involved in all aspects of food safety and quality and particularly those involved in monitoring human exposure to chemicals from the diet. Papers reporting surveillance data in areas other than the above should be submitted to Part A . The scope of Part B will be expanded from time-to-time to ensure inclusion of new areas of concern.