Experimental and reaction kinetics study of CO2-driven ABC powder on suppressing liquefied petroleum gas explosion

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Combustion and Flame Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI:10.1016/j.combustflame.2025.114351

Qiuhong Wang , Jianxiong Liu , Guoqiang Dong , Bin Peng , Yifei Liu , Jian Chen , Fuxin Chen , Leilei Zhu , Xiang Fang , He Zhu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Leakage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) during transportation and storage could lead to explosions, posing a substantial environmental and public safety risk. Therefore, the effectiveness of CO₂-driven ABC powders (CO₂/ABC composite suppressant) in mitigating LPG explosions was investigated at the experimental and reaction kinetics levels. This study identified the optimal combination of CO₂ and ABC powder, revealing their synergistic suppression mechanisms. The results demonstrated that the composite inhibitor outperformed the single inhibitor, primarily due to its synergistic effect. CO₂ pronouncedly affected P_max, while ABC powder influenced (dP/dt)_max. Experimental and reaction kinetics analyses determined the optimal combination of 9 vol% CO₂ (161.91 g·m^–3 CO₂) +250 g·m^–3 ABC. The optimal combination lessened the peak total rate of production (ROP) of H, O, and OH radicals of LPG (6 vol%) by 98.04%, 99.59%, and 98.34%, respectively. The corresponding mole fractions were decreased by 85.55%, 96.16%, and 80.88%. The heat release rate is reduced by 98.08%. Physical inhibition primarily relies on two mechanisms: the dilution and heat-absorption effects of CO₂ and the heat absorption during NH₄H₂PO₄ decomposition. Chemically, HOPO₂, PO₂, HNO, NH₂, and NH₃ exhibited strong free radical depletion. Among them, NH₃+OH<=>NH₂+H₂O exhibited stronger depletion capabilities. A sensitivity analysis revealed that CH₃+HO₂<=>OH+CH₃O was the main reaction that triggered the temperature rise and radical generation. PO₂+CH₃<=>CH₃PO₂ is an important reaction pathway for CH₃ consumption. These findings provide critical insights for improving LPG safety and designing advanced explosion suppression materials.

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co2驱动ABC粉末抑制液化石油气爆炸的实验及反应动力学研究

液化石油气在运输和储存过程中发生泄漏，可能导致爆炸，对环境和公众安全构成重大风险。因此，在实验和反应动力学水平上研究了二氧化碳驱动的ABC粉末（CO2/ABC复合抑制剂）减轻LPG爆炸的有效性。本研究确定了CO2和ABC粉的最佳组合，揭示了它们的协同抑制机制。结果表明，复合缓蚀剂优于单一缓蚀剂，主要是由于其协同效应。CO2对Pmax有显著影响，而ABC粉对（dP/dt）max有显著影响。实验和反应动力学分析确定了9 vol% CO2 (161.91 g·m-3 CO2) +250 g·m-3 ABC的最佳组合。最优组合使LPG （6 vol%）的H、O和OH自由基的峰值总产率（ROP）分别降低了98.04%、99.59%和98.34%。相应的摩尔分数分别降低了85.55%、96.16%和80.88%。放热速率降低了98.08%。物理抑制主要依靠两种机制：CO2的稀释和吸热作用以及NH4H2PO4分解过程中的吸热作用。化学上，HOPO2、PO2、HNO、NH2和NH3表现出强烈的自由基消耗。其中NH3+OH<；=>；NH2+H2O表现出较强的耗竭能力。敏感性分析表明，CH3+HO2<=>；OH+ ch30是引发温度升高和自由基生成的主要反应。PO2+CH3<=>；CH3PO2是CH3消耗的重要反应途径。这些发现为提高液化石油气的安全性和设计先进的防爆材料提供了重要的见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Combustion and Flame 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

20.50%

发文量

631

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： The mission of the journal is to publish high quality work from experimental, theoretical, and computational investigations on the fundamentals of combustion phenomena and closely allied matters. While submissions in all pertinent areas are welcomed, past and recent focus of the journal has been on: Development and validation of reaction kinetics, reduction of reaction mechanisms and modeling of combustion systems, including: Conventional, alternative and surrogate fuels; Pollutants; Particulate and aerosol formation and abatement; Heterogeneous processes. Experimental, theoretical, and computational studies of laminar and turbulent combustion phenomena, including: Premixed and non-premixed flames; Ignition and extinction phenomena; Flame propagation; Flame structure; Instabilities and swirl; Flame spread; Multi-phase reactants. Advances in diagnostic and computational methods in combustion, including: Measurement and simulation of scalar and vector properties; Novel techniques; State-of-the art applications. Fundamental investigations of combustion technologies and systems, including: Internal combustion engines; Gas turbines; Small- and large-scale stationary combustion and power generation; Catalytic combustion; Combustion synthesis; Combustion under extreme conditions; New concepts.