Rebecca F Russell, Victoria C Jauk, Macie L Champion, Ashley N Battarbee
{"title":"Optimal Timing of Delivery in Pregnant Individuals with Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Rebecca F Russell, Victoria C Jauk, Macie L Champion, Ashley N Battarbee","doi":"10.1055/a-2657-6130","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend delivery of gravidae with pregestational diabetes at 36 to 39<sup>6/7</sup> weeks based on glycemic control and vascular complications. The optimal gestational age within this wide range is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the risk of adverse outcomes with delivery versus expectant management at increasing gestational ages.Retrospective cohort study of gravidae with pregestational diabetes who delivered a nonanomalous singleton at ≥36 weeks (2012-2022). The primary outcome was composite neonatal morbidity: hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, shoulder dystocia, and perinatal death. Secondary outcomes included composite components, composite severe neonatal morbidity, large-for-gestational-age, small-for-gestational-age (SGA), NICU admission, and cesarean. Poisson regression with robust error variance estimated the association between delivery at 36, 37, and 38 weeks and outcomes, compared with expectant management.Eight hundred forty-three gravidae met inclusion criteria: 235 (28%) type 1 diabetes and 602 (71%) type 2 diabetes. Overall, 146 (17%) delivered at 36 weeks, 283 (34%) at 37 weeks, 217 (26%) at 38 weeks, and 197 (23%) at ≥39 weeks. Compared with expectant management, delivery at 36 weeks was associated with higher odds of composite morbidity (adjusted risk ratio: 1.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.11-1.55) as well as hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, SGA, and NICU admission. At 37 and 38 weeks, there was no significant difference in composite morbidity among those delivered versus expectantly managed. However, delivery at 37 weeks was associated with higher odds of hyperbilirubinemia, compared with expectant management. No other outcomes differed between delivery versus expectant management at 37 or 38 weeks. Few associations differed by diabetes type.Based on these results and supporting literature, elective delivery at 36 weeks should be avoided unless necessary. Although the data are inconclusive regarding delivery at 37 weeks, delivery at 38 weeks should be evaluated further for gravidae with pregestational diabetes. Confirmation in a large, contemporary cohort or a randomized trial is needed. · Elective delivery of gravidae with diabetes at 36 weeks should be avoided given neonatal morbidity.. · Delivery of gravidae with diabetes at 37 weeks versus expectant management may increase morbidity.. · Delivery of gravidae with diabetes at 38 weeks didn't increase morbidity but needs further study..</p>","PeriodicalId":7584,"journal":{"name":"American journal of perinatology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American journal of perinatology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2657-6130","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend delivery of gravidae with pregestational diabetes at 36 to 396/7 weeks based on glycemic control and vascular complications. The optimal gestational age within this wide range is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the risk of adverse outcomes with delivery versus expectant management at increasing gestational ages.Retrospective cohort study of gravidae with pregestational diabetes who delivered a nonanomalous singleton at ≥36 weeks (2012-2022). The primary outcome was composite neonatal morbidity: hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, shoulder dystocia, and perinatal death. Secondary outcomes included composite components, composite severe neonatal morbidity, large-for-gestational-age, small-for-gestational-age (SGA), NICU admission, and cesarean. Poisson regression with robust error variance estimated the association between delivery at 36, 37, and 38 weeks and outcomes, compared with expectant management.Eight hundred forty-three gravidae met inclusion criteria: 235 (28%) type 1 diabetes and 602 (71%) type 2 diabetes. Overall, 146 (17%) delivered at 36 weeks, 283 (34%) at 37 weeks, 217 (26%) at 38 weeks, and 197 (23%) at ≥39 weeks. Compared with expectant management, delivery at 36 weeks was associated with higher odds of composite morbidity (adjusted risk ratio: 1.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.11-1.55) as well as hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, SGA, and NICU admission. At 37 and 38 weeks, there was no significant difference in composite morbidity among those delivered versus expectantly managed. However, delivery at 37 weeks was associated with higher odds of hyperbilirubinemia, compared with expectant management. No other outcomes differed between delivery versus expectant management at 37 or 38 weeks. Few associations differed by diabetes type.Based on these results and supporting literature, elective delivery at 36 weeks should be avoided unless necessary. Although the data are inconclusive regarding delivery at 37 weeks, delivery at 38 weeks should be evaluated further for gravidae with pregestational diabetes. Confirmation in a large, contemporary cohort or a randomized trial is needed. · Elective delivery of gravidae with diabetes at 36 weeks should be avoided given neonatal morbidity.. · Delivery of gravidae with diabetes at 37 weeks versus expectant management may increase morbidity.. · Delivery of gravidae with diabetes at 38 weeks didn't increase morbidity but needs further study..
期刊介绍:
The American Journal of Perinatology is an international, peer-reviewed, and indexed journal publishing 14 issues a year dealing with original research and topical reviews. It is the definitive forum for specialists in obstetrics, neonatology, perinatology, and maternal/fetal medicine, with emphasis on bridging the different fields.
The focus is primarily on clinical and translational research, clinical and technical advances in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment as well as evidence-based reviews. Topics of interest include epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of maternal, fetal, and neonatal diseases. Manuscripts on new technology, NICU set-ups, and nursing topics are published to provide a broad survey of important issues in this field.
All articles undergo rigorous peer review, with web-based submission, expedited turn-around, and availability of electronic publication.
The American Journal of Perinatology is accompanied by AJP Reports - an Open Access journal for case reports in neonatology and maternal/fetal medicine.